Abstract
The essential goal of this work is to suggest applying the multi-dimensional Sumdu generalized Laplace transform decomposition for solving pseudo-parabolic equations. This method is a combination of the multi-dimensional Sumudu transform, the generalized Laplace transform, and the decomposition method. We provided some examples to show the effectiveness and the ability of this approach to solve linear and nonlinear problems. The results show that the proposed method is reliable and easy for obtaining approximate solutions of FPDEs and is more precise if we compare it with existing methods.
MSC:
35A22; 44A30
1. Introduction
Several phenomena explain the fractional differential equations in engineering and science disciplines such as control theory, physics, chemistry, biology, economics, mechanics, and electromagnetics. In theoretical physics, it is commonly very important to search and build clear solutions of linear and nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). Thus, the solution allows researchers to comprehend the physical phenomena. Various properties of solutions for nonlinear pseudo-parabolic equations, including generalized Caputo fractional derivatives, can be found in [1]. The convergence of the mild solution of the pseudo-parabolic equation to the solution of the parabolic equation was proved [2]. The pseudo-parabolic equation occurs in numerous fields of applied mathematics physics, such as the heat diffusion equation and fluid mechanics; see [3,4]. The authors in [5] applied two different method schemes to solve nonlinear pseudo-parabolic equations. The authors in [6] have proved the well-posedness of some linear and nonlinear mixed problems with integral conditions. The solution of the pseudo-parabolic equation has been studied in diverse articles, including those that concern exact and approximation methods, for example, the three-dimensional Laplace Adomian decomposition method [7], the double Sumudu-generalized Laplace decomposition method [8], the double Laplace decomposition method [9,10], the three-layer difference method [11], and two approximation methods [12]. The generalized Laplace transform was first proposed in [13] and subsequently applied to solve certain nonlinear dynamical models with non-integer order in [14]. The time-fractional Navier–Stokes equation was studied in [15] by using the double Sumudu-Generalized Laplace Transform Decomposition Method. The purpose of this study is to generalize the pseudo-parabolic and we discussed some theorems for the multi-Sumudu-generalized Laplace transform. In addition, three examples are offered to check our method. We discover that the multi (SGLTDM) is helpful to obtain the solution of singular pseudo-parabolic equations in comparison to the current methods in the literature.
This paper is separated into the following sections. In Section 2 are some basic definitions of Sumudu-generalized Laplace. In Section 3, the definitions of multi-dimensional Sumudu-generalized Laplace and theorems on the Sumudu-generalized Laplace are studied. In Section 4, the singular (m + 1 − D) fractional pseudo-parabolic equation is solved using the multi-dimensional Sumudu-generalized Laplace decomposition method. In Section 5, a singular (n + 1 − D) coupled pseudo-parabolic equation is solved using the proposed method. In Section 6, a conclusion of our research work is provided.
- Some observations: Throughout this study, we apply the following initialism:
- (1)
- (GLT) instead of “generalized Laplace transform”
- (2)
- (MST) instead of “multi Sumudu transform”
- (3)
- (SGLT) instead of “Sumudu-generalized Laplace transform”
- (4)
- (DSGLT) instead of “double Sumudu-generalized Laplace transform”
- (5)
- (TST) instead of “triple Sumudu transform”
- (6)
- (TSGLT) instead of “triple Sumudu-generalized Laplace transform”
- (7)
- (MSGLT) instead of “multi Sumudu-generalized Laplace transform”
- (8)
- (MSGLTDM) in place of “multi Sumudu-generalized Laplace transform” decomposition method.
2. Some Important Ideas of Sumudu-Generalized Laplace
Here, we will start with some necessary definitions and properties of the fractional (SGLT) and (DSGLT).
Definition 1
([12]). If and then the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral of order σ is given by
where , and indicates of the left Riemann–Liouville fractional integral of order σ.
Definition 2
([16]). The Riemann–Liouville derivative of fractional order σ where is defined by
where indicates the left Riemann–Liouvill derivative of fractional order
Definition 3.
The Caputo time-fractional derivative operator of order is given by
for more details, see [17,18,19,20].
Definition 4
([21]). Let be a continuous function of two variables ; then, the of is given by
where , indicate to ; and s are complex variables.
Definition 5
([8]). Let be a continuous function of three variables; then, the of is denoted by
where the symbol denotes and and s are named complex variables.
Definition 6
([8]). The inverse of the function is denoted by
where denotes to inverse with respect to and s.
3. Multi-Dimensional Sumudu-Generalized Laplace Transforms
Here, we provide some definitions and theorems of (MSGLT). In the following definition, we extend Definition 5 to dimensional.
Definition 7.
Let be a piecewise continuous function on the interval ; the comes in the form
where
the symbol indicates to ; and and s are complex variables.
In the following definition, we extend Definition 6, to dimensional.
Definition 8.
The inverse of the function is accorded by
where , and denote inverse regarding and s.
Theorem 1.
If the of the function is defined as , then the of is as follows:
Proof.
By applying the definition of (DSGLT), we obtain
by computing the integral inside the bracket, we obtain
hence,
Thus, the proof of Equation (4) is completed. □
In the following theorem, we generalize the above theorem.
Theorem 2.
If the of the function is denoted by , then the of is presented by
where pointing to .
Proof.
One can easily prove this theorem by using the above theorem. □
The of fractional partial derivatives is given in the following theorem.
Theorem 3.
The (TSGLT) of the partial derivatives is described by
Proof.
By taking the partial derivative based on for Equation (21), we obtain
where denotes to by calculating the derivative inside the bracket in above equation, and we obtain
substituting Equation (7) into Equation (6) gives us
by taking the partial derivative with respect to for Equation (8),
and therefore, Equation (9) becomes
in a similar way, applying the partial derivatives concerning for Equation (8),
By arranging the above equation, we have
□
In the next theorem, we apply an (MSGLT) to a fractional partial derivative.
Theorem 4.
The (DSGLT) of the fractional partial derivative is achieved by
Proof.
Applying the partial derivative with respect to for Equation (3), we have
computing the partial derivative inside brackets as follows:
Putting Equation (15) into Equation (14), we obtain
the partial derivative with respect to for Equation (16) is calculated as the following:
and therefore, Equation (17), becomes
thence,
By rearranging Equation (19), we obtain
The proof is complete. □
The generalization of the above theorem is given by the following form.
The of the is described by
where
4. Singular Fractional Pseudo-Parabolic Equation
In this branch of the paper, we will discuss the procedure of (MSGLDM) for solving the m + 1- dimensional pseudo-parabolic equation.
- Problem 1: Let us acquire a plan for the solution of a multi-dimensional pseudo-parabolic fractional equation subject to the initial conditions.with the following conditions:where is called Bessel’s operator and and are known functions. To solve Equation (20), we apply the next steps:
- Step 1: Multiplying both sides of Equation (20) by , we have
- Step 3: By applying the integral for of Equation (23), from 0 to 0 to , ⋯, 0 to with respect to , respectively, and dividing the outcome by , is achieved
- Step 4: The series solution of the singular pseudo-parabolic equation is given by:
Let us take, in this case, the rest of the terms in the form of
It is provided that the inverse of with respect to and s of Equations (26) and (27) are determined. Now, let us consider the following example using the (TSGLT) decomposition method to solve parabolic partial differential equations
subject to the initial
By multiplying Equation (28) by , we have
On using (TSGLT) first for both sides of Equation (30) and applying the differentiation property of double Sumudu transform and the initial condition stated in Equation (29), we obtain
where
By running the integral for of Equation (23), from 0 to 0 to , 0 to with respect to , respectively, and dividing the results by , we obtain
Therefore, the solution is received by using the inverse (TSGLT) for Equation (32) is
By performing Equations (26) and (27), we obtain
and
as described by the , the following component is obtained: at ,
By the same way at one can obtain
Likewise, let :
By adding all the terms, we obtain
Therefore, the solution of Equation (28) can be expressed in the following form:
By putting we obtain the exact solution in the form of
In the forthcoming problem, we use the proposed method for the linear pseudo-parabolic equation.
- Problem 2: Consider the following linear singular pseudo-parabolic equation subject to the initial conditions.
By carrying out the former method, the principal approximation is introduced: by
where
and hence, the remaining terms are described by
where
We study the following example to demonstrate the relevance of this approach to nonlinear problems.
Example 1.
Consider the following linear time-fractional pseudo-parabolic equation
under the following conditions:
By utilizing the suggested approach and Theorem 3, we have
and
where Δ and Ϝ are defined in Equation (40). We started by ; we have
where
hence,
Similarly, at , we obtain
Hence, as reported by Equation (25), we have
Putting , we obtain the solution of Equation (41) in the following form:
5. Singular Coupled Pseudo-Parabolic Equation
The basic analysis of the (MSGLTDM) is illustrated, to denote its showing and high precision by considering the general time-fractional coupled singular pseudo-parabolic equation of the form
under the following initial conditions:
where , and are given functions; by using , this method involves the next steps.
- Steps 1: Produce both sides of Equation (45) by , the outcome in the next equation,
- Steps 3: Using integral for both sides of the Equation (49), from 0 to 0 to , ⋯, 0 to with respect to , respectively, we obtainand
- Steps 4: The series solution of Equation (45) is confirmed by
By matching the left- and right-hand sides of Equation (53), we obtain the following terms:
and the remaining terms , are obtained by
and
similarly, the remaining components, , are denoted by
Thus, we check the applicability of our approach for solving the fractional coupled pseudo-parabolic equation; the next example is investigated at
Example 2.
Time fractional coupled pseudo-parabolic equations are given by
where
under the initial condition
By utilizing the suggested method and Theorem 3, we obtain the following components:
and the remaining terms, and are denoted by
at
where
and
therefore,
at ,
where
and likewise,
in the same manner, at , we have
At the above solution becomes
and hence, the exact solution is determined by
6. Conclusions
In this study, the solution of the fractional generalized pseudo-parabolic was provided by employing the MSGLTDM. This method is a mixture that contains the multi-dimensional Sumudu-generalized Laplace transform and the Adomian decomposition method. We show the validity and ability of this technique through offered examples, indicating its ability to approximate solutions for various problems. Furthermore, some of the theorems of the properties of our method are introduced. The result suggested in the previous parts indicates that the multi-Sumudu-generalized Laplace transform decomposition method (MDSGLTDM) handles different difficult problems that existing methods cannot solve.
Funding
The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R948), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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