Preparation of a Thermally Modified Diatomite and a Removal Mechanism for 1-Naphthol from Solution
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Materials
2.2. Characterization
2.3. Adsorption Experiments
2.4. Measurement of 1-NAP
2.5. Adsorption Equilibrium Isotherm
2.6. Kinetic Equation
2.7. Thermodynamic Parameters
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterisation of Diatomite
3.2. Analytical Determination of 1-NAP
3.3. 1-NAP Absorption Experiment
3.3.1. Effect of Contact Time
3.3.2. Effect of pH
3.3.3. Effect of Diatomite Dose
3.3.4. Adsorption Isotherms
3.3.5. Kinetics of Adsorption
3.3.6. Thermodynamic Parameters
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The adsorption of 1-NAP on raw and thermal modified diatomite was endothermic and spontaneous processes, controlled by both physical and chemical mechanisms
- (2)
- It was found that the adsorption of 1-NAP on raw and thermally modified diatomite could best be explained by the pseudo second-order model.
- (3)
- For raw and thermal modified diatomite, the experimental data have been applied on Langmuir, Freundlich and D-R isotherm models. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm model fitted better in the temperature gradients studied.
- (4)
- The sorption of 1-NAP is strongly affected by pH, temperature and diatomite dose. Compared with natural diatomite, it can be observed that the modified diatomite significantly improve the adsorption capacity (about 2 times at 298 K).
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adsorbent | T/K | qe, Experimental (mg/g) | Pseudo-First-Order Constants | Pseudo-Second-Order Constants | Intra-Particle Diffusion Constants | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
k1 (min−1) | qe, Calculated (mg/g) | R2 | k2 (g/mg/min) | qe, Calculated (mg/g) | R2 | kid | R2 | |||
Natural diatomite | 288 | 0.49 | 2.11 × 10−2 | 0.75 | 0.857 | 5.90 × 10−2 | 0.57 | 0.954 | 2.30 × 10−2 | 0.960 |
298 | 0.53 | 2.10 × 10−2 | 0.61 | 0.858 | 3.32 × 10−2 | 0.57 | 0.984 | 2.91 × 10−2 | 0.975 | |
308 | 0.83 | 2.00 × 10−2 | 0.75 | 0.944 | 4.70 × 10−2 | 0.89 | 0.994 | 3.20 × 10−2 | 0.947 | |
318 | 1.24 | 1.21 × 10−2 | 0.95 | 0.940 | 2.15 × 10−2 | 1.34 | 0.978 | 4.72 × 10−2 | 0.981 | |
Modified diatomite | 288 | 0.85 | 2.01 × 10−2 | 0.58 | 0.807 | 4.97 × 10−2 | 0.91 | 0.996 | 3.20 × 10−2 | 0.807 |
298 | 1.12 | 1.79 × 10−2 | 1.39 | 0.849 | 2.25 × 10−2 | 1.22 | 0.978 | 4.73 × 10−2 | 0.917 | |
308 | 1.27 | 1.70 × 10−2 | 1.28 | 0.845 | 1.77 × 10−2 | 1.31 | 0.977 | 5.42 × 10−2 | 0.953 | |
318 | 1.57 | 1.32 × 10−2 | 1.30 | 0.885 | 1.42 × 10−2 | 1.69 | 0.971 | 6.00 × 10−2 | 0.963 |
Adsorbent | ΔH (kJ/mol) | ΔS (J/k/mol) | ΔG (kJ/mol) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
288 K | 298 K | 308 K | 318 K | |||
Raw diatomite | 25.70 | 124 | −10.06 | −11.15 | −12.55 | −13.75 |
Modified diatomite | 37.04 | 170 | −11.97 | −13.63 | −15.11 | −17.19 |
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Yang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, L.; Cao, L.; Li, K.; Hursthouse, A. Preparation of a Thermally Modified Diatomite and a Removal Mechanism for 1-Naphthol from Solution. Water 2017, 9, 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090651
Yang X, Zhang Y, Wang L, Cao L, Li K, Hursthouse A. Preparation of a Thermally Modified Diatomite and a Removal Mechanism for 1-Naphthol from Solution. Water. 2017; 9(9):651. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090651
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xiuzhen, Yuezhou Zhang, Liping Wang, Lili Cao, Kelin Li, and Andrew Hursthouse. 2017. "Preparation of a Thermally Modified Diatomite and a Removal Mechanism for 1-Naphthol from Solution" Water 9, no. 9: 651. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090651