A Semi-Analytical Model for the Hydraulic Resistance Due to Macro-Roughnesses of Varying Shapes and Densities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Method
2.1. Bed and Model Description
2.2. Emergent Roughness Elements
2.3. Submerged Roughness Elements
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Calibration of Drag Coefficients
3.2. Validation of Friction Coefficients for River Flows
3.3. Log Law Parameters
3.4. Implication for Engineering Practice
4. Conclusions
- The friction for emergent or submerged roughness elements to be obtained in a continuous sense, which can arise when modeling obstacles in a main channel that are steeply sloping or very cluttered.
- The inclusion of the shape factor for blocks. Indeed, not taking it into account can lead to serious errors when modeling emergent obstacles. In the proposed model, both rocky blocks and vegetation (large ) can be represented as, for example, plantations of trees in a floodplain or overland flows for hillslope hydrology.
- The inclusion of the concentration of obstacles that can be determined in the field or by remote sensing.
- A continuous trend towards “rough bed” formulae when there is a high degree of submergence.
- A calibration parameter to be provided that depends only on the shape of the obstacle.
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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D (mm) | k (mm) | C | Shape | |
---|---|---|---|---|
[17] | 35 | 30–100 | 0.08–0.2 | cylinder |
[24] | 20 | 7 | 0.41 | truncated cone |
[1] | 38 | 19 | 0–0.38 | hemisphere |
[20] | 20 | 10 | 0.078/0.14/0.30 | hemisphere |
[18] | 38–76 | 26–57 | 0–0.9 | pebbles |
[21] | 3.2–8.3 | 100 | 0.05–0.15 | cylinder |
[22] | 46–108 | 23–54 | 0.06–0.82 | hemisphere |
[23] | (25.4–38.1) | (25.4–38.1) | 0.04–0.8 | gravels |
[23] | (127–250) | (127–250) | 0.09–0.83 | cobbles |
[19] | (620–830) | (220–410) | 0.05–0.37 | rocks |
u (m s) | Parameters | |
---|---|---|
Upper layer | ||
Lower layer | ||
= |
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Cassan, L.; Roux, H.; Garambois, P.-A. A Semi-Analytical Model for the Hydraulic Resistance Due to Macro-Roughnesses of Varying Shapes and Densities. Water 2017, 9, 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090637
Cassan L, Roux H, Garambois P-A. A Semi-Analytical Model for the Hydraulic Resistance Due to Macro-Roughnesses of Varying Shapes and Densities. Water. 2017; 9(9):637. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090637
Chicago/Turabian StyleCassan, Ludovic, Hélène Roux, and Pierre-André Garambois. 2017. "A Semi-Analytical Model for the Hydraulic Resistance Due to Macro-Roughnesses of Varying Shapes and Densities" Water 9, no. 9: 637. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090637