Estimation of Residence Time and Transport Trajectory in Tieshangang Bay, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Method
2.2.1. Hydrodynamic Module
2.2.2. Particle Tracking Module
3. Results
3.1. Residence Time for Tieshangang Bay
3.2. Transport Trajectories for Different Released Sources
4. Discussion
- (1)
- Some factors (e.g., degradation values, vertical dispersion, and settling velocity, etc.) that affect pollutant transport behavior were not incorporated in the current model, since it is the first time that a combined model has been employed to quantify the mean residence time of Tieshangang Bay based on long-time simulation (2004–2015). Hence, future study may be necessary to consider the abovementioned factors for more accurate estimation of the pollutant transport behavior.
- (2)
- The assumption of the 2D depth-averaged flow has the ability to represent the flow field of Tieshangang Bay in the current study. However, the water depth of the bay may reach up to 20 m in the main stream of the bay. Hence, it is reasonable to expect the pollutant transport behavior may change with different water depths. Therefore, the current study could be extended to a 3D model approach to investigate the water exchange of a similar bay.
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Numbers | Resolution | 30 Days | 60 Days | 90 Days |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage of Particles | |||||
1 | 283 | 2000 m × 1000 m | 39.2% | 36.4% | 32.9% |
2 | 534 | 2000 m × 500 m | 38.0% | 33.0% | 29.0% |
3 | 934 | 1000 m × 500 m | 32.9% | 29.6% | 27.5% |
4 | 1830 | 500 m × 500 m | 32.6% | 28.6% | 26.7% |
5 | 4430 | 500 m × 200 m | 31.8% | 27.9% | 26.0% |
Parameter | Description | Values and Reference |
---|---|---|
M | Manning number | 32 m1/3/s [14,15] |
Ev | Smagorinsky factor for eddy viscosity | 0.28 [20,21,26] |
Sv | Settling velocity for particles | No settling [26] |
DV | Vertical dispersion | No dispersion [26] |
DH | Horizontal dispersion | Scaled eddy viscosity formulation [26] |
Year | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summer | 14.8 | 65.8 | >92 | 16.8 | 49.8 | >92 | 70 | 30.6 | >92 | >92 | >92 | 56.8 |
Winter | 8.6 | 90 | 57.6 | 24 | 16.3 | 26.8 | 90 | 34.3 | 20 | >92 | 89.8 | 8.8 |
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Jiang, C.; Liu, Y.; Long, Y.; Wu, C. Estimation of Residence Time and Transport Trajectory in Tieshangang Bay, China. Water 2017, 9, 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050321
Jiang C, Liu Y, Long Y, Wu C. Estimation of Residence Time and Transport Trajectory in Tieshangang Bay, China. Water. 2017; 9(5):321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050321
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Changbo, Yizhuang Liu, Yuannan Long, and Changshan Wu. 2017. "Estimation of Residence Time and Transport Trajectory in Tieshangang Bay, China" Water 9, no. 5: 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050321
APA StyleJiang, C., Liu, Y., Long, Y., & Wu, C. (2017). Estimation of Residence Time and Transport Trajectory in Tieshangang Bay, China. Water, 9(5), 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9050321