Treatment of Simulated Coalbed Methane Produced Water Using Direct Contact Membrane Distillation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemical Reagents and Membrane Module
2.2. Set-up of DCMD
2.3. Experimental Procedures and Characterization
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Performance of DCMD Systems
3.2. Permeate Flux Variation at Δ40 °C and Δ60 °C
3.3. Long-Term Distillation
3.4. Characterizations
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CBM | Coalbed methane |
TDS | Total dissolved solids |
DCMD | Direct contact membrane distillation |
RO | Reverse osmosis |
XRD | X-ray diffraction |
FE-SEM | Field-emission scanning electron microscope |
EDS | Energy dispersive spectrometer |
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Salts | Concentration (mM) |
---|---|
NaCl | 1, 20, 500 |
CaCl2·2H2O | 5 |
MgCl2 | 5 |
NaHCO3 | 1, 25 |
Parameter | Specification |
---|---|
Supplier | Millipore (GVHP) |
Pore size (μm) | 0.22 |
Thickness (μm) | 125 |
Porosity (%) | 75 |
Effective area (m2) | 1.75 × 10−3 |
Contact angle (°) | 118 |
Short-Term Distillation | Long-Term Distillation | |
---|---|---|
Distillation time | 360 min | 5400 min |
Transmembrane temperature (ΔT) | 40 °C and 60 °C | 40 °C |
Cross-flow velocity (CFV) | 0.18 m·s−1 | 0.18 m·s−1 |
pH of feed solution | 8.3 | 8.3 |
Measurement | Flux, Conductivity | |
Characterization | - | FE-SEM/EDS, XRD |
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Cho, D.-W.; Song, H.; Yoon, K.; Kim, S.; Han, J.; Cho, J. Treatment of Simulated Coalbed Methane Produced Water Using Direct Contact Membrane Distillation. Water 2016, 8, 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8050194
Cho D-W, Song H, Yoon K, Kim S, Han J, Cho J. Treatment of Simulated Coalbed Methane Produced Water Using Direct Contact Membrane Distillation. Water. 2016; 8(5):194. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8050194
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Dong-Wan, Hocheol Song, Kwangsuk Yoon, Sewoon Kim, Jeongmin Han, and Jinwoo Cho. 2016. "Treatment of Simulated Coalbed Methane Produced Water Using Direct Contact Membrane Distillation" Water 8, no. 5: 194. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8050194