Extensive Study of Electrocoagulation-Based Adsorption Process of Real Groundwater Treatment: Isotherm Modeling, Adsorption Kinetics, and Thermodynamics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Analytical Analysis
2.2. Adsorption Models
2.2.1. Henry Adsorption Model
2.2.2. Langmuir Adsorption Model
2.2.3. Freundlich Adsorption Model
2.2.4. Temkin Adsorption Model
2.2.5. Dubinin–Radushkevich Adsorption Model
2.2.6. Kiselev Adsorption Model
2.2.7. Fowler–Guggenheim Adsorption Model
2.2.8. Hill–Deboer Adsorption Model
2.2.9. Elovich Adsorption Model
2.2.10. Jovanovic Adsorption Model
2.2.11. Harkins–Jura Adsorption Model
2.2.12. Halsey Adsorption Model
2.2.13. Sips Adsorption Model
2.2.14. Toth Adsorption Model
2.2.15. Jossens Adsorption Model
2.2.16. Radke–Prausnitz Adsorption Model
2.2.17. Koble–Carrigan Adsorption Model
2.2.18. Redlich–Peterson Adsorption Model
2.3. Thermodynamic Investigation
2.4. Kinetic Investigation
2.5. Models of Mass Transfer via Adsorption
2.5.1. Weber and Morris Model
2.5.2. Liquid-Film Diffusion Model
2.5.3. Bangham and Burt Model
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Experimental Outcomes and Calculations
3.2. Outcomes of Adsorption Models
3.2.1. Henry Adsorption Model
3.2.2. Langmuir Adsorption Model
3.2.3. Freundlich Adsorption Model
3.2.4. Temkin Adsorption Model
3.2.5. Dubinin–Radushkevich Adsorption Model
3.2.6. Kiselev Adsorption Model
3.2.7. Fowler–Guggenheim Adsorption Model
3.2.8. Hill–Deboer Adsorption Model
3.2.9. Elovich Adsorption Model
3.2.10. Jovanovic Adsorption Model
3.2.11. Harkins–Jura Adsorption Model
3.2.12. Halsey Adsorption Model
3.2.13. Sips Adsorption Model
3.2.14. Toth Adsorption Model
3.2.15. Jossens Adsorption Model
3.2.16. Radke–Prausnitz Adsorption Model
3.2.17. Koble–Carrigan Adsorption Model
3.2.18. Redlich–Peterson Adsorption Model
3.3. Thermodynamic Investigation Outcomes
3.4. Kinetics Investigation Outcomes
3.5. Investigation Outcomes of Mass Transfer Models
4. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | TDS (mg/L) | TSS (mg/L) | Total Hardness (mg/L) | Turbidity (mg/L) | pH | Conductivity (µS/cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Values | 1514 | 58 | 3053 | 49.34 | 8.1 | 2020 |
Adsorption Model | Best-Fit Parameters | Determination Parameters |
---|---|---|
Henry adsorption model | KHE = 1.282 L/g | R2 = 1.000 Adj-R2 = 1.000 |
Langmuir adsorption model | qmax = 28.986 mg/g Ke = 0.197 L/mg RL = 0.1 (favorable) | R2 = 0.9991 Adj-R2 = 0.9982 |
Freundlich adsorption model | KF = 157.779 mg/g n = 2.118 (it is a physical process) | R2 = 0.9979 Adj-R2 = 0.9958 |
Temkin adsorption model | KT = 0.008 L/gm b = 129.758 kJ/mol | R2 = 0.9990 Adj-R2 = 0.9980 |
Kiselev adsorption model | KK = 22.955 L/mg Kn = 1.136 | R2 = 0.8029 Adj-R2 = 0.6058 |
Harkins–Jura adsorption model | AH = 0.0084 g2/L BH = 0.738 mg/L | R2 = 0.9943 Adj-R2 = 0.9886 |
Halsey adsorption model | KH = 45.126 g/L nH = 4.876 | R2 = 0.9979 Adj-R2 = 0.9958 |
Elovich adsorption model | qmax = 13.755 mg/g KE = 0.009 L/mg | R2 = 0.9997 Adj-R2 = 0.9994 |
Jovanovic adsorption model | qmax = 68.910 mg/g KJ = 0.0299 L/g | R2 = 0.9998 Adj-R2 = 0.9996 |
Hill–Deboer adsorption model | K1 = 2.26 × 10−15 L/mg (insignificant) K2 = 1049.3 kJ/mol | R2 = 0.8346 Adj-R2 = 0.6692 |
Fowler–Guggenheim adsorption model | W = −35.337 kJ/mol KFG = 3.337 × 10−12 L/mg | R2 = 0.8834 Adj-R2 = 0.7668 |
Dubinin–Radushkevich adsorption model | qmax = 3.559 mg/g KDR = 8.00 × 10−6 E = 0.25 kJ/mol | R2 = 0.9907 Adj-R2 = 0.9814 |
Sips adsorption model | qmax = 43 mg/g KS = 0.03 (m3/kg)1/ms ms = 3.1 | R2 = 0.9834 Adj-R2 = 0.9668 |
Toth adsorption model | qmax = 48.5 mg/g n = 1.1 (heterogeneous systems) KS = 0.35 mg/g | R2 = 0.9966 Adj-R2 = 0.9932 |
Jossens adsorption model | KJ = 3.4 L/g J = 0.02 n = 1.04 (heterogeneous systems) | R2 = 0.9998 Adj-R2 = 0.9996 |
Redlich–Peterson adsorption model | KR-P = 4.15 L/g A = 0.051 n = 0.85 (heterogeneous systems) | R2 = 0.9991 Adj-R2 = 0.9982 |
Koble–Carrigan adsorption model | KK-C = 3.7 (L/g)−n AK-C = 0.05 n = 1.2 (heterogeneous systems) | R2 = 0.9929 Adj-R2 = 0.9858 |
Radke–Prausnitz adsorption model | qmax = 50.3 mg/g ARP = 0.42 n = 1.01 (heterogeneous systems) | R2 = 0.9965 Adj-R2 = 0.9930 |
Adsorption Kinetic Model | Best-Fit Parameters |
---|---|
First-order model | k1 = 0.0919 (1/min) R2 = 0.8824 |
Second-order model | k2 = 0.0801 (g/mg.min) R2 = 0.8537 |
Mass Transfer Model | Best-Fit Parameters |
---|---|
Weber and Morris model | Kwmd = 1.3387 (mg/(g.min0.5)) R2 = 0.9380 |
Liquid-film diffusion model | Klf = 0.1652 (1/min) R2 = 0.9556 |
Bangham and Burt model | Klf = 0.5759 (L/mg) R2 = 0.9735 |
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AlJaberi, F.Y. Extensive Study of Electrocoagulation-Based Adsorption Process of Real Groundwater Treatment: Isotherm Modeling, Adsorption Kinetics, and Thermodynamics. Water 2024, 16, 619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16040619
AlJaberi FY. Extensive Study of Electrocoagulation-Based Adsorption Process of Real Groundwater Treatment: Isotherm Modeling, Adsorption Kinetics, and Thermodynamics. Water. 2024; 16(4):619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16040619
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlJaberi, Forat Yasir. 2024. "Extensive Study of Electrocoagulation-Based Adsorption Process of Real Groundwater Treatment: Isotherm Modeling, Adsorption Kinetics, and Thermodynamics" Water 16, no. 4: 619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16040619
APA StyleAlJaberi, F. Y. (2024). Extensive Study of Electrocoagulation-Based Adsorption Process of Real Groundwater Treatment: Isotherm Modeling, Adsorption Kinetics, and Thermodynamics. Water, 16(4), 619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16040619