Research Hotspots and Frontiers of Mountain Flood Disaster: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Data
2.1. Methods
2.2. Data Acquisition and Pre-Processing
3. Results
3.1. Temporal Trend in Publications and Citations
3.2. Countries and Institutions of the Publications
3.3. Co-Citation Analysis of Publications
3.4. Evolution of Research Hotspots
3.4.1. Keyword Connection Network
3.4.2. Frontier Analysis of Phase Research Hotspots
4. Discussion
4.1. Participating Countries and Institutions in the Mountain Flood Field
4.2. Hot Issues and Research Limitations in the Mountain Flood Field
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The number of publications and citations in mountain flood research showed a general upward trend, experiencing three stages of steady growth–slow increase–rapid growth. The USA and China are the most important participating countries in the mountain flood field, some scientific institutions in the USA and China are the most important participating institutions, the important players in the field have a high-level of cooperation with each other, and academic circles have been formed. Therefore, the following suggestions are made to improve national influence and disaster management in this field in the future. Countries with less research in this field should strengthen cooperation with countries with a high research level to learn advanced techniques and improve their own scientific research level and personnel training. Countries with a high research level in the mountain flood field should strengthen cooperation with countries frequently affected, especially developing countries, such as by providing timely assistance to affected countries, which cannot only improve their international influence, but also enhance the accumulation of experience in dealing with disaster problems and provide good examples for mountain flood research.
- (2)
- The co-citation analysis revealed the temporal evolution trend of research frontiers and related key literature. This paper focused on the top five clusters of literature on mountain flooding: #0 “glacier lake”, #1 “riparian vegetation”, #2 “fremont cottonwood”, #3 “glacial lake outburst flood risk”, and #4 “large wood dynamics”. The research hotspots in mountain flooding were classified into three categories based on co-citation cluster analysis: high mountain Asia, especially glacial lake outburst floods; ecological issues, especially vegetation on both sides of river banks; and the impact of mountain floods on the dynamics of forest land. The analysis of scientific categories shows that research into mountain floods has received much attention in several fields, such as ecology, environmental and science technology, urban, rural and municipal planning, biology and medicine, psychology and social sciences, chemistry and physics, and engineering and mathematics, indicating that mountain flood research is characterized by multiple research hotspots, multiple research objectives, and cross-fertilization of multiple disciplinary categories.
- (3)
- There are various research themes in the mountain flood field. Those that have remained high in popularity over a long period include riparian vegetation, hazard prediction, and climate change. Frontier research themes in the last five years include extreme precipitation, risk assessment, adaptability of models and post-disaster reconstruction. The evolutionary path of the research frontiers in different periods is clear, with strong inheritance relationships and strong links between them, and the core evolutionary path can be divided into four stages.
- (4)
- The period 1991–1999 was the basic stage of mountain flood research, with the main themes of ecological environment, geological hazard evaluation, and theoretical and technical practical research on disaster prevention and mitigation. From 2000 to 2013, several new frontier research branches in the mountain flood field emerged, with a strong expansion of ecosystem research clusters oriented towards specific watersheds and centered on field survey records, indicating that the research field had entered an active phase, with branches turning towards applied research and tending towards concreteness. The period 2014–2016 was a bottleneck in research frontiers in the field, with riparian vegetation, precipitation, high mountain Asia, and climate change becoming hot topics, but no new frontier directions emerged. The fourth phase is from 2017 to the present, in which various research branches in the field of mountain floods tend to concretize and a large number of new frontier research directions emerge, indicating that research concerning mountain floods is gradually changing from macroscopic, qualitative theoretical scientific research to regional, quantitative and specific applied engineering research.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Country | Continent | Link | Total Link Strength | NP | APY | AC | PR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | USA | N. America | 29 | 574 | 2133 | 2011.92 | 37.97 | 642.47 |
2 | China | Asia | 28 | 329 | 852 | 2016.75 | 19.70 | 60.34 |
3 | Germany | Europe | 29 | 244 | 450 | 2013.73 | 34.77 | 528.67 |
4 | England | Europe | 29 | 308 | 418 | 2013.58 | 43.96 | 620.92 |
5 | Switzerland | Europe | 28 | 255 | 388 | 2013.79 | 45.26 | 4459.77 |
6 | Italy | Europe | 28 | 213 | 386 | 2013.47 | 44.72 | 654.24 |
7 | France | Europe | 29 | 201 | 353 | 2012.73 | 45.04 | 522.96 |
8 | Canada | N. America | 26 | 162 | 317 | 2012.83 | 36.90 | 834.21 |
9 | Spain | Europe | 27 | 157 | 279 | 2014.37 | 33.61 | 589.60 |
10 | India | Asia | 24 | 75 | 208 | 2017.211 | 20.96 | 14.93 |
Cluster ID | Silhouette | Size | Cluster Label (LLR) | Top 3 Terms (LSI) | Mean Year | Representative Documents |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
#0 | 0.951 | 96 | high mountain Asia | high mountain Asia; glacial lake; glacial lake outburst flood | 2020 | [24] |
#1 | 0.974 | 65 | riparian vegetation | riparian vegetation; river regulation; high-flow characteristics | 2006 | [40] |
#2 | 1 | 56 | fremont cottonwood | fremont cottonwood; semi-arid north America; riparian ecosystem | 1999 | [33] |
#3 | 0.955 | 53 | glacial lake outburst flood risk | glacial lake; glacial lake outburst flood risk; Cordillera Blanca | 2015 | [41] |
#4 | 0.982 | 50 | large wood dynamics | large wood; large wood dynamics; large flood | 2016 | [42] |
Cluster ID | Title | Source | Co-Citation | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
#0 | A regional-scale assessment of Himalayan glacial lake changes using satellite observations from 1990 to 2015 | Remote Sensing of Environment | 56 | [25] |
#0 | Climate change and the global pattern of moraine-dammed glacial lake outburst floods | Cryosphere | 48 | [26] |
#0 | A spatially resolved estimate of high mountain Asia glacier mass balances from 2000 to 2016 | Nature Geoscience | 41 | [27] |
#0 | Glacial lake outburst floods as drivers of fluvial erosion in the Himalaya | Science | 38 | [28] |
#0 | A global assessment of the societal impacts of glacier outburst floods | Global and Planetary Change | 38 | [29] |
#1 | Multiple pathways for woody plant establishment on floodplains at local to regional scales | Journal of Ecology | 13 | [31] |
#1 | Patterns of nitrogen accumulation and cycling in riparian floodplain ecosystems along the Green and Yampa rivers | Oecologia | 9 | [43] |
#1 | Riparian vegetation and channel change in response to river regulation: A comparative study of regulated and unregulated streams in the Green River Basin, USA | Regulated Rivers-Research and Management | 8 | [30] |
#1 | Extreme floods, channel change, and riparian forests along ephemeral streams | Ecological Monographs | 8 | [32] |
#1 | Response of herbaceous riparian plants to rain and flooding on the San Pedro River, Arizona, USA | Wetlands | 7 | [44] |
#2 | The natural flow regime | BioScience | 23 | [45] |
#2 | Flood dependency of cottonwood establishment along the Missouri River, Montana, USA | Ecological Applications | 18 | [46] |
#2 | Streamflow requirements for cottonwood seedling recruitment—An integrative model | Wetlands | 15 | [47] |
#2 | Fluvial process and the establishment of bottomland trees | Geomorphology | 10 | [48] |
#2 | Mechanisms associated with decline of woody species in riparian ecosystems of the southwestern U.S. | Ecological Monographs | 10 | [49] |
#3 | Modelling outburst floods from moraine-dammed glacial lakes | Earth-Science Reviews | 37 | [37] |
#3 | The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers | Science | 29 | [50] |
#3 | 882 lakes of the Cordillera Blanca: An inventory, classification, evolution and assessment of susceptibility to outburst floods | Catena | 28 | [34] |
#3 | Glacial lakes in the Indian Himalayas—from an area-wide glacial lake inventory to on-site and modeling-based risk assessment of critical glacial lakes | Science of the Total Environment | 26 | [36] |
#3 | Modelling glacier-bed overdeepenings and possible future lakes for the glaciers in the Himalaya–Karakoram region | Annals of Glaciology | 20 | [35] |
#4 | Hydrogeomorphic response to extreme rainfall in headwater systems: Flash floods and debris | Journal of Hydrology | 40 | [38] |
#4 | The great Colorado Flood of September 2013 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society | 26 | [51] |
#4 | Floodplains and wood | Earth-Science Reviews | 24 | [52] |
#4 | Recent advances quantifying the large wood dynamics in river basins: New methods and remaining challenges | Reviews of Geophysics | 20 | [53] |
#4 | Large wood recruitment processes and transported volumes in Swiss mountain streams during the extreme flood of August 2005 | Geomorphology | 20 | [39] |
Label | Cluster | Links | Link Strength | Publication | APY | AC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
climate change | 2 | 194 | 2785 | 679 | 2016.46 | 30.27 |
river | 4 | 186 | 2078 | 484 | 2012.93 | 29.82 |
model | 3 | 189 | 1659 | 440 | 2014.53 | 32.09 |
flood | 3 | 193 | 1861 | 436 | 2014.15 | 31.85 |
precipitation | 3 | 160 | 1541 | 402 | 2014.61 | 32.73 |
impact | 3 | 188 | 1771 | 401 | 2016.25 | 22.87 |
mountain | 5 | 188 | 1265 | 315 | 2013.50 | 40.85 |
variability | 3 | 180 | 1339 | 297 | 2015.39 | 26.95 |
dynamics | 4 | 184 | 1439 | 294 | 2014.31 | 25.44 |
evolution | 5 | 178 | 956 | 288 | 2013.78 | 26.30 |
rainfall | 3 | 157 | 1128 | 283 | 2015.00 | 32.87 |
basin | 5 | 184 | 1112 | 279 | 2014.32 | 23.88 |
climate | 5 | 186 | 1106 | 276 | 2014.95 | 28.95 |
vegetation | 1 | 168 | 1070 | 245 | 2011.56 | 36.05 |
runoff | 3 | 146 | 1067 | 235 | 2014.63 | 28.03 |
flow | 1 | 173 | 874 | 223 | 2013.13 | 33.30 |
erosion | 4 | 153 | 1021 | 222 | 2013.78 | 35.52 |
water | 1 | 164 | 839 | 221 | 2013.56 | 27.79 |
pattern | 1 | 171 | 985 | 218 | 2012.99 | 27.20 |
stream | 1 | 155 | 1043 | 217 | 2011.89 | 38.85 |
debris flow | 2 | 159 | 873 | 216 | 2014.15 | 38.14 |
transport | 4 | 158 | 936 | 203 | 2013.93 | 28.09 |
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Liu, Z.; Yang, Z.; Chen, M.; Xu, H.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, J.; Wu, Q.; Wang, M.; Song, Z.; Ding, F. Research Hotspots and Frontiers of Mountain Flood Disaster: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. Water 2023, 15, 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040673
Liu Z, Yang Z, Chen M, Xu H, Yang Y, Zhang J, Wu Q, Wang M, Song Z, Ding F. Research Hotspots and Frontiers of Mountain Flood Disaster: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis. Water. 2023; 15(4):673. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040673
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Zhengquan, Zhiquan Yang, Mao Chen, Hanhua Xu, Yi Yang, Jie Zhang, Qi Wu, Miaomiao Wang, Zhao Song, and Fanshu Ding. 2023. "Research Hotspots and Frontiers of Mountain Flood Disaster: Bibliometric and Visual Analysis" Water 15, no. 4: 673. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15040673