Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow of Upper Yongding River Basin, North China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Trend Detection
2.3.2. Change Point Detection
2.3.3. Budyko Method
2.3.4. Determination of the Parameter α in Fu’s Equation
2.3.5. Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow by the DMC Method
3. Results
3.1. Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Hydro-Meteorological Factors
3.2. Abrupt Changes in Streamflow
3.3. Effects of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow
4. Discussion
4.1. Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow by the DMC Method
4.2. Impacts of Human Activities on Streamflow in the UYRB
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Basin | Hydrological Station | River Basin Area (km2) | Average Annual Precipitation (mm) | Average Annual Runoff (mm) | CV |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yang River | Xiangshuibu | 14600 | 389 | 27 | 0.59 |
Sanggan River | Shixiali | 23300 | 433 | 24 | 0.59 |
Watershed | Period | P (mm/Year) | E0 (mm/Year) | R (mm/Year) | ΔRc (mm) | ΔRh (mm) | ΔRc (%) | ΔRh (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yang River Basin | 1961–1982 | 398 | 1044 | 42 | ||||
1983–2003 | 380 | 1006 | 27 | −1 | −14 | 9.4 | 90.6 | |
2004–2017 | 389 | 1024 | 5 | −0 | −36 | 0.5 | 99.5 | |
Sanggan River Basin | 1961–1982 | 447 | 940 | 36 | ||||
1983–2003 | 416 | 928 | 26 | −4 | −7 | 37.3 | 62.7 | |
2004–2017 | 438 | 970 | 3 | −2 | −31 | 6.5 | 93.5 |
Watershed | Period | P (mm/Year) | R2m (mm) | R2c (mm) | ΔRc (mm) | ΔRc (%) | ΔRh (mm) | ΔRh (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yang River Basin | 1961–1982 | 398 | 42 | 40 | ||||
1983–2003 | 380 | 27 | 38 | −3 | 21.4 | −12 | 78.6 | |
2004–2017 | 389 | 5 | 40 | −2 | 5.9 | −34 | 94.1 | |
Sanggan River Basin | 1961–1982 | 447 | 36 | 36 | ||||
1983–2003 | 416 | 26 | 34 | −3 | 24.9 | −8 | 75.1 | |
2004–2017 | 438 | 3 | 36 | −1 | 1.8 | −32 | 98.2 |
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Deng, L.; Guo, Y.; Qi, Y.; Shen, Y.-J.; Shen, Y. Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow of Upper Yongding River Basin, North China. Water 2022, 14, 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14182798
Deng L, Guo Y, Qi Y, Shen Y-J, Shen Y. Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow of Upper Yongding River Basin, North China. Water. 2022; 14(18):2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14182798
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeng, Liqiang, Ying Guo, Yongqing Qi, Yan-Jun Shen, and Yanjun Shen. 2022. "Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Streamflow of Upper Yongding River Basin, North China" Water 14, no. 18: 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14182798