Degradation Efficiency Analysis of Sulfadiazine in Water by Ozone/Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Device
2.2. Experimental Materials
2.3. Analytical Method
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Comparison of SDZ Degradation Efficiency between O3/PMS and O3 and O3/UV
3.2. O3/PMS Single Factor Influence Experiment
3.2.1. Effect of Initial Mass Concentration of SDZ on Degradation Efficiency
3.2.2. Effect of Oxidant Dosage on Degradation Efficiency
3.2.3. Effect of Initial pH on Degradation Efficiency
3.3. Mineralization Effect of O3, O3/UV, and O3/PMS on SDZ
3.4. Radical Quenching Experiment of Sulfadiazine Degradation by Ozone/Persulfate
3.5. Degradation Test of SDZ in Natural Water
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- In this experiment, the O3/PMS process was used for the first time to degrade the typical antibiotic SDZ. The combination of O3 and PMS produced an apparent synergistic effect and improved the degradation efficiency of SDZ. Under the experimental conditions of initial SDZ concentration of 10 mg/L, ozone concentration of 3 mg/L, and pH of 6.8 ± 0.1, the time required for O3/PMS to degrade SDZ below the detection limit was 8 min less than that of O3 and O3/UV. Existing studies show that the treatment effect of a single UV factor was poor, and even the O3/UV combined process can only achieve limited improvement. The Kobs value increased from 0.1456 to 0.193 min−1, while the O3/PMS process Kobs was 0.2504 min−1.
- (2)
- The single factor experiment showed that the degradation rate of SDZ by O3/PMS decreased with the increase in the initial concentration of SDZ and increased with the increase in ozone concentration. There was an optimal concentration of PMS. The most suitable pH range was weak alkalinity, and the factors affecting the degradation of SDZ by the three processes agree with the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic equation.
- (3)
- The strong oxidation ability of O3/PMS was attributed to the formation of ·OH and SO4−. When the reaction was carried out for 60 min, it had a nearly 54% mineralization effect on SDZ, slightly lower than 62% of O3/UV. When SDZ was degraded in natural water, O3/PMS showed efficient degradation of fluorescent organics, significantly better than other ozone-advanced oxidation processes.
- (4)
- Future research should focus on the insufficient mineralization ability of O3/PMS and apply it to the degradation of more sulfonamides to improve the stability and applicability of this technology. In addition, the influencing factors need to be modeled and calculated to provide data prediction and a theoretical analysis basis for the specific practical application of this method.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Water Quality Index | Value |
---|---|
COD (mg/L) | 38.81 |
Total nitrogen (TN, mg/L) | 4.39 |
NH4+-N (mg/L) | 1.73 |
Total phosphorus (TP, mg/L) | 0.16 |
Treatment Process | Kobs (min−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|
O3 | 0.1456 | 0.9599 |
O3/UV | 0.193 | 0.7255 |
O3/PMS | 0.2504 | 0.9326 |
Treatment Process | Mass Concentration (mg/L) | Kobs (min−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
O3 | 2 | 0.2814 | 0.9195 |
4 | 0.2228 | 0.8428 | |
6 | 0.2048 | 0.8731 | |
8 | 0.1261 | 0.9624 | |
10 | 0.1242 | 0.9556 | |
O3/UV | 2 | 0.3872 | 0.9893 |
4 | 0.2303 | 0.8369 | |
6 | 0.1930 | 0.7255 | |
8 | 0.1625 | 0.9737 | |
10 | 0.1328 | 0.9203 | |
O3/PMS | 2 | 0.5563 | 0.9935 |
4 | 0.3979 | 0.9793 | |
6 | 0.3551 | 0.8767 | |
8 | 0.3363 | 0.9802 | |
10 | 0.2497 | 0.9389 |
Treatment Process | Mass Concentration (mg/L) | Kobs (min−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
O3 | 1 | 0.0730 | 0.9821 |
2 | 0.0174 | 0.9975 | |
3 | 0.1456 | 0.9599 | |
4 | 0.1646 | 0.9666 | |
5 | 0.2019 | 0.9670 | |
6 | 0.2436 | 0.9716 | |
O3/UV | 1 | 0.0241 | 0.9322 |
2 | 0.0447 | 0.9928 | |
3 | 0.1930 | 0.7255 | |
4 | 0.1946 | 0.8941 | |
5 | 0.2441 | 0.8802 | |
6 | 0.2613 | 0.9692 | |
O3/PMS | 1 | 0.0098 | 0.9888 |
2 | 0.2359 | 0.8774 | |
3 | 0.2504 | 0.9326 | |
4 | 0.3025 | 0.9390 | |
5 | 0.3158 | 0.9649 | |
6 | 0.3408 | 0.8539 |
Treatment Process | Mass Concentration (mg/L) | Kobs (min−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
O3/PMS | 5 | 0.1790 | 0.9783 |
10 | 0.1851 | 0.9687 | |
15 | 0.1954 | 0.9743 | |
20 | 0.2570 | 0.8570 | |
25 | 0.2405 | 0.9502 | |
30 | 0.2408 | 0.9480 |
Treatment Process | pH | Kobs (min−1) | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
O3 | 3 | 0.1320 | 0.9732 |
5 | 0.1366 | 0.9750 | |
7 | 0.1433 | 0.9873 | |
9 | 0.1903 | 0.9496 | |
11 | 0.2042 | 0.9719 | |
O3/UV | 3 | 0.1051 | 0.9937 |
5 | 0.1401 | 0.9694 | |
7 | 0.1421 | 0.9305 | |
9 | 0.1531 | 0.9466 | |
11 | 0.1733 | 0.8975 | |
O3/PMS | 3 | 0.2594 | 0.8776 |
5 | 0.2194 | 0.9654 | |
7 | 0.2074 | 0.9726 | |
9 | 0.3663 | 0.9947 | |
11 | 0.2486 | 0.7970 |
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Lu, H.; Feng, W.; Li, Q. Degradation Efficiency Analysis of Sulfadiazine in Water by Ozone/Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Process. Water 2022, 14, 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162476
Lu H, Feng W, Li Q. Degradation Efficiency Analysis of Sulfadiazine in Water by Ozone/Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Process. Water. 2022; 14(16):2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162476
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Hai, Weihao Feng, and Qingpo Li. 2022. "Degradation Efficiency Analysis of Sulfadiazine in Water by Ozone/Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Process" Water 14, no. 16: 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162476
APA StyleLu, H., Feng, W., & Li, Q. (2022). Degradation Efficiency Analysis of Sulfadiazine in Water by Ozone/Persulfate Advanced Oxidation Process. Water, 14(16), 2476. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162476