Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Methods
2.2.1. Quantum Calculation Details
2.2.2. Treatment of the Dye Solution in a Continuous-Flow Column with Activated Carbon
Apparent Density and Ash Content of Activated Carbon on Dry Basis
pH Activated Carbon
Preparation of Activated Carbon and Packing of the Column
Column Packing
Packed-Bed Column Operation
Estimation of the Adsorption Column Design Parameters
Kinetic Models
- = Thomas rate constant, mL/mg.min;
- , mg/g;
- V = volume of solution, mL.
- , min−1;
- τ = time required for 50% adsorbate breakthrough or time when Ct/Co = 0.5, min.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Correlation Analysis of pH with Respect to the Concentration of the Azo Dyes
3.2. Treatment in a Fixed-Bed Column with Continuous-Flow Activated Carbon
3.2.1. General Qualitative and Quantitative Physicochemical Characteristics of the Adsorbent
3.2.2. Treatment in a Fixed-Bed Column with Continuous-Flow Activated Carbon: Breakthrough Curve and Mathematic Models
3.2.3. Economic Study
3.2.4. SEM Analysis
3.3. Other Alternative Processes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Adsorbent | tb/min | ts/min | LZTM/Cm | qtotal/mg | qeq/mg · g−1 | Mtotal, mg | RT/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C-conv | 7.69 | 136.54 | 7.26 | 5.86 ± 1.29 | 1.17 ± 0.26 | 11.02 ± 5.19 | 56.78 ± 15.07 |
10.56 | 198.05 | 8.43 | 7.93 ± 0.80 | 1.59 ± 0.16 | 13.98 ± 3.01 | 57.43 ± 6.66 |
TM | |||
---|---|---|---|
C-conv | 237.88 | 0.0058 | 0.9842 |
216.21 | 0.0080 | 0.9799 | |
YNM | |||
C-conv | 17.97 | 0.2989 | 0.9794 |
16.38 | 0.4068 | 0.9799 |
Adsorbent | tb/min | ts/min | LZTM/cm | qtotal/mg | qeq/mg · g−1 | Mtotal, mg | RT/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C-conv | 11.54 | 238.46 | 8.19 | 11.07 ± 0.13 | 2.21 ± 0.03 | 16.30 ± 0.00 | 67.87 ± 0.78 |
10.54 | 250.00 | 8.06 | 11.99 ± 0.90 | 2.44 ± 0.24 | 17.44 ± 0.64 | 68.70 ± 2.63 |
TM | |||
---|---|---|---|
C-conv | 338.46 | 0.0037 | 0.9944 |
329.42 | 0.0030 | 0.9925 | |
YNM | |||
C-conv | 28.74 | 0.1690 | 0.9944 |
26.63 | 0.1481 | 0.9975 | |
TM | |||
C-conv | 237.88 | 0.0058 | 0.9842 |
216.21 | 0.0080 | 0.9799 | |
YNM | |||
C-conv | 17.97 | 0.2989 | 0.9794 |
16.38 | 0.4068 | 0.9799 |
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Colina Andrade, G.J.; Vilca Quilla, J.M.; Terán Hilares, R.; Tejada Meza, K.; Mogrovejo Valdivia, A.C.; Aguilar-Pineda, J.A.; Cárdenas García, J.D.; Pacheco Tanaka, D.A. Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon. Water 2022, 14, 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152321
Colina Andrade GJ, Vilca Quilla JM, Terán Hilares R, Tejada Meza K, Mogrovejo Valdivia AC, Aguilar-Pineda JA, Cárdenas García JD, Pacheco Tanaka DA. Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon. Water. 2022; 14(15):2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152321
Chicago/Turabian StyleColina Andrade, Gilberto J., Jessica M. Vilca Quilla, Ruly Terán Hilares, Kevin Tejada Meza, Alejandra C. Mogrovejo Valdivia, Jorge A. Aguilar-Pineda, Jaime D. Cárdenas García, and David A. Pacheco Tanaka. 2022. "Enhanced Removal of Bordeaux B and Red G Dyes Used in Alpaca Wool Dying from Water Using Iron-Modified Activated Carbon" Water 14, no. 15: 2321. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14152321