Sickle Cell Disease in the Islands of Zanzibar: Patients’ Characteristics, Management, and Clinical Outcomes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Study Setting
2.3. Study Variables
2.4. Data Collection
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with SCD at MMH
3.2. Clinical Management of Patients with SCD at MMH
3.3. Association Between Follow-Up Visits and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with SCD at MMH
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
SCD | Sickle cell disease |
MMH | Mnazi Mmoja Hospital |
HB | Hemoglobin |
WHO | World Health Organization |
SPARCO | Sickle Pan-African Research Consortium |
SSA | Sub-Saharan Africa |
NBS | Newborn screening |
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Characteristics | Number of Patients, N(%) |
---|---|
Age (years) | |
0–5 | 198 (27.3) |
6–13 | 322 (44.5) |
14–17 | 81 (11.2) |
18 and above | 123 (17.0) |
Gender | |
Male | 367 (50.7) |
Female | 357 (49.3) |
Health Insurance ownership | |
Yes | 142 (20.4) |
No | 582 (80.4) |
SCD-Phenotype | |
SCD-SS | 713 (98.5) |
SCD-SC | 9 (1.2) |
SCD-S β-plus thalassemia | 2 (0.3) |
Medicine | N (%) |
---|---|
Hydroxyurea | |
Yes | 191 (26.4) |
No | 533 (73.6) |
Pneumococcal Vaccination (PCV-13) | |
Yes | 192 (26.5) |
No | 532 (73.5) |
Folic Acid | |
Yes | 724 (100.0) |
No | 0 (0) |
Anti-malarials | |
Yes | 4 (0.6) |
No | 720 (99.4) |
Penicillin V | |
Yes | 188 (26.0) |
No | 536 (74.0) |
Clinical Event | Yes (n%) | No (n%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Did you experience any pain since the last visit? | |||
Patients reporting Pain at 2nd visit | 24 (4.3) | 539 (95.7) | 0.021 |
Patients reporting Pain at 3rd Visit | 11 (1.9) | 565 (98.1) | |
Have you been admitted since the last visit? | |||
Patients admitted at 2nd visit | 27(4.6) | 557 (95.4) | 0.042 |
Patients admitted at 3rd visit | 32(5.5) | 554 (94.5) | |
Have you received blood transfusion since the last visit? | |||
Patients received BT during 2nd visit | 9 (1.6) | 551 (98.26) | 0.962 |
Patients received BT during 3rd visit | 10 (1.7) | 566 (98.26) | |
Severity of Anemia | |||
Hb level < 5 g/dL at 2nd visit | 46 (7.7) | 548 (92.3) | 0.058 |
Hb level < 5 g/dL at 3rd visit | 28 (5.0) | 531 (5.0) |
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Amour, A.; Hashim, F.; Said, F.-h.; Joshua, D.; Kandonga, D.; Msangawale, M.; Jonathan, A.; Kidenya, B.; Ruggajo, P.; Msafiri, M.; et al. Sickle Cell Disease in the Islands of Zanzibar: Patients’ Characteristics, Management, and Clinical Outcomes. Genes 2025, 16, 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010047
Amour A, Hashim F, Said F-h, Joshua D, Kandonga D, Msangawale M, Jonathan A, Kidenya B, Ruggajo P, Msafiri M, et al. Sickle Cell Disease in the Islands of Zanzibar: Patients’ Characteristics, Management, and Clinical Outcomes. Genes. 2025; 16(1):47. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010047
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmour, Ahlam, Fadya Hashim, Fat-hiya Said, Daniel Joshua, Daniel Kandonga, Michael Msangawale, Agnes Jonathan, Benson Kidenya, Paschal Ruggajo, Marijani Msafiri, and et al. 2025. "Sickle Cell Disease in the Islands of Zanzibar: Patients’ Characteristics, Management, and Clinical Outcomes" Genes 16, no. 1: 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010047
APA StyleAmour, A., Hashim, F., Said, F.-h., Joshua, D., Kandonga, D., Msangawale, M., Jonathan, A., Kidenya, B., Ruggajo, P., Msafiri, M., Balandya, E., & Mahmoud, M. (2025). Sickle Cell Disease in the Islands of Zanzibar: Patients’ Characteristics, Management, and Clinical Outcomes. Genes, 16(1), 47. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16010047