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Volume 17
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10.3390/polym17070982
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Article

The Impact of Recovered Lignin on Solid-State PEO-Based Electrolyte Produced via Electrospinning: Manufacturing and Characterisation

by
Laura Coviello
1,
Giorgia Montalbano
1,
Alessandro Piovano
1,2,*,
Nagore Izaguirre
3,
Chiara Vitale-Brovarone
1,
Claudio Gerbaldi
1,2 and
Sonia Fiorilli
1,*
1
Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
2
National Reference Centre for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL)–INSTM, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
3
Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Gipuzkoa, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa 1, 20018 Donostia, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2025, 17(7), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17070982
Submission received: 12 March 2025 / Revised: 31 March 2025 / Accepted: 2 April 2025 / Published: 4 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Biomass Fractionation to Final Biobased Polymer Nanocomposites in European Sustainable Biobased Nanomaterials Community (BIOMAC))
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Abstract

Lithium batteries have gained significant attention due to their high energy density, specific capacity, operating voltage, slow self-discharge rate, good cycle stability, and rapid charging capabilities. However, the use of liquid electrolytes presents several safety hazards. Solid-state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer a promising alternative to mitigate these issues. This study focuses on the preparation of an ionically conductive electrospun membrane and its potential application as an SPE. To support a circular approach and reduce the environmental impact, the target polymeric formulation combines poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and lignin, sourced from paper industry waste. The formulation is optimised to ensure the dissolution of lithium salts and enhance the membrane integrity. The addition of lignin is crucial to contrast the dendrites’ growth and prevent the consequent battery breakdown. The electrospinning process is adjusted to obtain stable, homogeneous nanofibrous membranes, which are characterised using electron scanning microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The membranes’ potential as an SPE is assessed by measuring their ionic conductivity (>10−5 S cm−1 above 50 °C) and anodic stability (≈4.6 V vs. Li/Li+), and by testing their compatibility with lithium metal by reversible cycling in a symmetric Li|Li cell at 55 °C.
Keywords: PEO; solid polymer electrolyte; lignin; electrospinning; lithium battery PEO; solid polymer electrolyte; lignin; electrospinning; lithium battery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Coviello, L.; Montalbano, G.; Piovano, A.; Izaguirre, N.; Vitale-Brovarone, C.; Gerbaldi, C.; Fiorilli, S. The Impact of Recovered Lignin on Solid-State PEO-Based Electrolyte Produced via Electrospinning: Manufacturing and Characterisation. Polymers 2025, 17, 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17070982

AMA Style

Coviello L, Montalbano G, Piovano A, Izaguirre N, Vitale-Brovarone C, Gerbaldi C, Fiorilli S. The Impact of Recovered Lignin on Solid-State PEO-Based Electrolyte Produced via Electrospinning: Manufacturing and Characterisation. Polymers. 2025; 17(7):982. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17070982

Chicago/Turabian Style

Coviello, Laura, Giorgia Montalbano, Alessandro Piovano, Nagore Izaguirre, Chiara Vitale-Brovarone, Claudio Gerbaldi, and Sonia Fiorilli. 2025. "The Impact of Recovered Lignin on Solid-State PEO-Based Electrolyte Produced via Electrospinning: Manufacturing and Characterisation" Polymers 17, no. 7: 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17070982

APA Style

Coviello, L., Montalbano, G., Piovano, A., Izaguirre, N., Vitale-Brovarone, C., Gerbaldi, C., & Fiorilli, S. (2025). The Impact of Recovered Lignin on Solid-State PEO-Based Electrolyte Produced via Electrospinning: Manufacturing and Characterisation. Polymers, 17(7), 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17070982

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