The Effect of Chitosan Type on Biological and Physicochemical Properties of Films with Propolis Extract
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chitosan Films Preparation
2.2. Chitosan-Propolis Films Preparation
2.3. Antimicrobial Properties of Films
2.4. Oxygen Transmission Rate
2.5. Water Vapor Transmission Rate
2.6. Sorption Experiments
2.7. Sorption Modelling
2.8. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Antimicrobial Activity
3.2. Oxygen Transmission Rate
3.3. Water Vapor Transmission Rate
3.4. Sorption Behavior Derived from Experimental GAB Sorption Isotherms
3.5. Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Chitosan | Concentration of Propolis Extract (%) | Symbols |
---|---|---|
Crab shells | - | C |
0.75 | C 0.75 | |
2.5 | C 2.5 | |
5.0 | C 5.0 | |
Medium molecular weight | - | M |
0.75 | M 0.75 | |
2.5 | M 2.5 | |
5.0 | M 5.0 | |
High molecular weight | - | H |
0.75 | H 0.75 | |
2.5 | H 2.5 | |
5.0 | H 5.0 |
Type of Microbe | Inhibition Zone (mm) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crab Shells Chitosan (C) | Medium Molecular Weight Chitosan (M) | High Molecular Weight Chitosan (H) | ||||||||||
Ethanolic Extract of Propolis (%) | ||||||||||||
- | 0.75 | 2.5 | 5.0 | - | 0.75 | 2.5 | 5.0 | - | 0.75 | 2.5 | 5.0 | |
Pathogenic bacteria | ||||||||||||
Lysteria monocytogenes | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 26 | 26 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 14 | 21 | 22 |
Bacillus cereus | 0 | 12 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 12.5 | 13 | 13 | 0 | 12 | 13 | 14 |
Type of Chitosan | Concentration of Propolis Extract (%) | Symbol | Mm (kg/kg) | K | C | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crab shells | - | C | 0.176 | 0.922 | 1.150 | 0.99996 |
0.75 | C 0.75 | 0.129 | 0.931 | 1.112 | 0.99997 | |
2.5 | C 2.5 | 0.095 | 0.931 | 1.324 | 0.99993 | |
5.0 | C 5.0 | 0.069 | 0.900 | 1.143 | 0.99963 | |
Medium molecular weight | - | M | 0.159 | 0.933 | 1.256 | 0.99995 |
0.75 | M 0.75 | 0.122 | 0.927 | 1.140 | 0.99995 | |
2.5 | M 2.5 | 0.089 | 0.942 | 1.367 | 0.99993 | |
5.0 | M 5.0 | 0.065 | 0.918 | 1.368 | 0.99986 | |
High molecular weight | - | H | 0.171 | 0.934 | 1.208 | 0.99996 |
0.75 | H 0.75 | 0.134 | 0.932 | 1.096 | 0.99997 | |
2.5 | H 2.5 | 0.098 | 0.928 | 1.242 | 0.99992 | |
5.0 | H 5.0 | 0.056 | 0.913 | 1.412 | 0.99984 |
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Stanicka, K.; Dobrucka, R.; Woźniak, M.; Sip, A.; Majka, J.; Kozak, W.; Ratajczak, I. The Effect of Chitosan Type on Biological and Physicochemical Properties of Films with Propolis Extract. Polymers 2021, 13, 3888. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13223888
Stanicka K, Dobrucka R, Woźniak M, Sip A, Majka J, Kozak W, Ratajczak I. The Effect of Chitosan Type on Biological and Physicochemical Properties of Films with Propolis Extract. Polymers. 2021; 13(22):3888. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13223888
Chicago/Turabian StyleStanicka, Karolina, Renata Dobrucka, Magdalena Woźniak, Anna Sip, Jerzy Majka, Wojciech Kozak, and Izabela Ratajczak. 2021. "The Effect of Chitosan Type on Biological and Physicochemical Properties of Films with Propolis Extract" Polymers 13, no. 22: 3888. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13223888