The Synergistic Microbiological Effects of Industrial Produced Packaging Polyethylene Films Incorporated with Zinc Nanoparticles
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.2.1. Granulate Preparation
2.2.2. Film Preparation
2.3. Topography and Composition Evaluation
2.4. UV-Barrier and Transparency
2.5. Global Migration Analysis
2.6. Mechanical Properties
2.7. Antimicrobial Properties
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Transparency and Composition
3.2. Global Migration
3.3. Mechanical Properties
3.4. Antimicrobial Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Control | ZO3 | ZS3 | ZO3/ZS3 | ZO6 | ZS6 | ZO6/ZS6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Component | Concentration [% w/w] | ||||||
LDPE | 58 | 55 | 55 | 52 | 52 | 52 | 46 |
mLLDPE | 35 | ||||||
CSE | 1 | ||||||
Plastomer | 5 | ||||||
Antistatic agent | 1 | ||||||
Zinc oxide* | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 0 | 6 |
Zinc stearate* | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 6 |
Sample | Transmittance at 280 nm [%] | Transmittance at 660 nm [%] |
C | 82.4 ± 1.3 a | 58.6 ± 2.1 a |
ZO3 | 32.8 ± 0.9 b | 43.5 ± 1.2 b |
ZS3 | 83.9 ± 1.8 a | 59.8 ± 1.6 a |
ZO3/ZS3 | 29.6 ± 2.3 b | 44.0 ± 3.0 b |
ZO6 | 10.3 ± 0.6 c | 2.1 ± 0.2 c |
ZS6 | 85.2 ± 2.5 a | 60.5 ± 2.4 a |
ZO6/ZS6 | 10.5 ± 1.0 c | 3.6 ± 0.3 d |
Type of Model Fluid | Global Migration [mg/dm2] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
H2O | 3% (w/v) CH3COOH | 10% (v/v EtOH | *95% (v/v) EtOH | |
Control | 0.046 ± 0.002 a | 0.063 ± 0.003 a | 0.0019 ± 0.0002 a | 0.0010 ± 0.0002 a |
ZO3 | 0.088 ± 0.003 b | 0.588 ± 0.007 b | 0.0025 ± 0.0003 a | 0.0015 ± 0.0003 a |
ZS3 | 0.041 ± 0.004 a | 0.124 ± 0.005 c | 0.0020 ± 0.0003 a | 0.0014 ± 0.0003 a |
ZO3/ZS3 | 0.091 ± 0.004 b | 0.692 ± 0.010 d | 0.0028 ± 0.0005 a | 0.0018 ± 0.0003 a |
ZO6 | 0.155 ± 0.005 c | 1.230 ± 0.013 e | 0.0045 ± 0.0003 b | 0.0017 ± 0.0003 a |
ZS6 | 0.050 ± 0.004 a | 0.332 ± 0.009 f | 0.0025 ± 0.0003 a | 0.0015 ± 0.0002 a |
ZO6/ZS6 | 0.168 ± 0.009 c | 1.794 ± 0.013 g | 0.0051 ± 0.0004 b | 0.0020 ± 0.0005 a |
Sample | Tensile Strength [MPa] | Young’s Modulus [MPa] | Elongation at Break [%] |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 20.2 ± 0.6 a | 236.4 ± 2.3 a | 293 ± 18 a |
ZO3 | 24.9 ± 0.4 b | 250.5 ± 3.0 b | 256 ± 27 a |
ZS3 | 20.5 ± 1.0 a | 262.1 ± 1.3 c | 274 ± 15 a |
ZO3/ZS3 | 24.0 ± 0.5 b | 272.9 ± 2.5 d | 245 ± 19 b |
ZO6 | 25.2 ± 0.7 b | 283.6 ± 1.7 e | 189 ± 16 c |
ZS6 | 20.9 ± 0.6 a | 265.5 ± 3.3 c | 180 ± 20 c |
ZO6/ZS6 | 23.9 ± 0.7 b | 312.8 ± 3.7 f | 169 ± 29 c |
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Mania, S.; Cieślik, M.; Konzorski, M.; Święcikowski, P.; Nelson, A.; Banach, A.; Tylingo, R. The Synergistic Microbiological Effects of Industrial Produced Packaging Polyethylene Films Incorporated with Zinc Nanoparticles. Polymers 2020, 12, 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051198
Mania S, Cieślik M, Konzorski M, Święcikowski P, Nelson A, Banach A, Tylingo R. The Synergistic Microbiological Effects of Industrial Produced Packaging Polyethylene Films Incorporated with Zinc Nanoparticles. Polymers. 2020; 12(5):1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051198
Chicago/Turabian StyleMania, Szymon, Mateusz Cieślik, Marcin Konzorski, Paweł Święcikowski, Andrzej Nelson, Adrianna Banach, and Robert Tylingo. 2020. "The Synergistic Microbiological Effects of Industrial Produced Packaging Polyethylene Films Incorporated with Zinc Nanoparticles" Polymers 12, no. 5: 1198. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12051198