Coordination Dynamics and Thermal Stability with Aminal Metallogels and Liquids
Aramco Services Company, Aramco Research Center, 16300 Park Row Blvd. Houston, Houston, TX 77084, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2019, 11(8), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11081237
Received: 10 May 2019
/
Revised: 5 July 2019
/
Accepted: 13 July 2019
/
Published: 26 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Analysis of Polymer Materials)
In this article, we review a dynamic covalent gel system developed as a high temperature well construction fluid. The key gel/fluid phase changes and related materials properties are addressable via the constitutional and coordination dynamics of the equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular species comprising the material. The interplay between these species and external stimuli leads to material adaptability. Specifically, the introduction of metal ions into a non-equilibrium hemiaminal gel reverts this phase into a non-equilibrium liquid. When heated, this liquid transforms itself catalytically into the thermodynamically favoured closed-ring polyhexahydrotriazine (PHT) gel product. The temperature stability of different PHT gel formulations is evaluated as a function of the inclusion of various salts. It is possible to revert this thermodynamic PHT gel back into a liquid. This pH dependent transformation depends on the R groups linking the hexahydrotriazines (HTs) to one another. While polyethylene glycol (PEG) based PHT gels revert to liquids with water and mild protonation conditions, in comparison, polypropylene glycol (PPG) based gels require stronger acid conditions with heat, or a different more nucleophilically driven ring-opening mechanism by, for example, phosphines. The covalent dynamic chemistry in this chemical system gives way to many possible applications in addition to the high temperature solution-gelation (sol-gels) for which it has been primarily designed.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
constitutional dynamics; dynamers; high temperature
▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
- Supplementary File 1:
PDF-Document (PDF, 1427 KiB)
MDPI and ACS Style
Boul, P.J.; Rasner, D.K.; Jarowski, P.D.; Thaemlitz, C.J. Coordination Dynamics and Thermal Stability with Aminal Metallogels and Liquids. Polymers 2019, 11, 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11081237
AMA Style
Boul PJ, Rasner DK, Jarowski PD, Thaemlitz CJ. Coordination Dynamics and Thermal Stability with Aminal Metallogels and Liquids. Polymers. 2019; 11(8):1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11081237
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoul, Peter J., Diana K. Rasner, Peter D. Jarowski, and Carl J. Thaemlitz. 2019. "Coordination Dynamics and Thermal Stability with Aminal Metallogels and Liquids" Polymers 11, no. 8: 1237. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11081237
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
