Poly(Ionic Liquid): A New Phase in a Thermoregulated Phase Separated Catalysis and Catalyst Recycling System of Transition Metal-Mediated ATRP
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Materials
2.2. Synthesis of the Thermoregulated Poly(Ionic Liquid) (PIL)
2.3. Typical Procedure for the TPSC-Based ICAR ATRP of MMA and Catalyst Recycling
2.4. Typical Procedure for Chain Extension of PMMA
2.5. Characterizations
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Selection of Solvent for TPSC-Based ICAR (Initiators for Continuous Activator Regeneration) ATRP System
3.2. Polymerization Kinetics of MMA
3.3. Chain-End Analysis and Chain Extension
3.4. Catalyst Recycling and Reuse
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Solvent (2.0 mL) | 25 °C | 70–90 °C | 25 °C |
---|---|---|---|
p-Xylene | I | S | I |
o-Xylene | I | S | I |
Toluene | I | S | I |
Benzene | I | M | I |
Cyclohexane | M | M | M |
n-Hexane | I | S | I |
Entry | Ligand | Reducing Agent | Time (h) | Conv. (%) | Mn,th a (g/mol) | Mn,GPC (g/mol) | Mw/Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | TPMA | AIBN | 11.5 | 73.1 | 14,800 | 14,600 | 1.17 |
2 | PMDETA | AIBN | 10 | 81.9 | 16,400 | 10,300 | 1.39 |
3 | Me6TRAN | AIBN | 10 | 83.9 | 16,800 | 8700 | 1.51 |
4 | TDA-1 | AIBN | 10 | 72.5 | 14,500 | 29,100 | 1.58 |
5 | TPMA | AIBN | 5.5 | 69.9 | 14,000 | 12,000 | 1.31 |
6 | TPMA | Glucose | 57 | 46.4 | 9500 | 11,400 | 1.11 |
7 | TPMA | AsAc | 57 | 62.5 | 12,700 | 16,200 | 1.11 |
8 | TPMA | AsAc-Na | 5.5 | 66.1 | 13,400 | 19,300 | 1.12 |
Entry | y/x | Time (h) | Conv. (%) | Mn,th a (g/mol) | Mn,GPC (g/mol) | Mw/Mn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.5 | 5.5 | 19.8 | 4000 | 5600 | 1.10 |
2 | 0.8 | 5.5 | 30.2 | 6000 | 8100 | 1.11 |
3 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 39.4 | 7900 | 8900 | 1.11 |
4 | 1.5 | 5.5 | 43.6 | 8700 | 10,200 | 1.13 |
5 | 2.0 | 5.5 | 46.3 | 9300 | 10,300 | 1.14 |
Entry | Recycling Times | Conv. (%) | Mn,th b (g/mol) | Mn,GPC (g/mol) | Mw/Mn | CR c (ppm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1 | 59.8 | 11,980 | 18,500 | 1.12 | 1.3 |
2 | 2 | 55.7 | 11,200 | 15,600 | 1.09 | 1.5 |
3 | 3 | 60.2 | 12,100 | 18,100 | 1.12 | 2.2 |
4 | 4 | 52.4 | 10,500 | 18,900 | 1.10 | 2.0 |
5 | 5 | 52.3 | 13,000 | 12,200 | 1.07 | 1.7 |
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Yao, L.; Zhang, B.; Jiang, H.; Zhang, L.; Zhu, X. Poly(Ionic Liquid): A New Phase in a Thermoregulated Phase Separated Catalysis and Catalyst Recycling System of Transition Metal-Mediated ATRP. Polymers 2018, 10, 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040347
Yao L, Zhang B, Jiang H, Zhang L, Zhu X. Poly(Ionic Liquid): A New Phase in a Thermoregulated Phase Separated Catalysis and Catalyst Recycling System of Transition Metal-Mediated ATRP. Polymers. 2018; 10(4):347. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040347
Chicago/Turabian StyleYao, Lan, Bingjie Zhang, Hongjuan Jiang, Lifen Zhang, and Xiulin Zhu. 2018. "Poly(Ionic Liquid): A New Phase in a Thermoregulated Phase Separated Catalysis and Catalyst Recycling System of Transition Metal-Mediated ATRP" Polymers 10, no. 4: 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10040347