Long-Term Results of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Patients Who Failed to Complete the Program
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
- Age over 18 years;
- Disabling tinnitus for more than 6 months;
- No tinnitus treatments for at least 1 year before starting or during the TRT program, in terms of specific pharmacologic, physical or nonconventional therapies (i.e., acupuncture);
- No pathologic features at brain MRI scan and Doppler ultrasonography of the epi-aortic vessels;
- Category 1 tinnitus patients according to Jastreboff and Hazell’s classification [14] (tinnitus is an important problem, without subjective hearing loss);
- No diagnosed associated psychiatric disorders precluding full participation or follow-up;
- No cognitive impairment which could influence adherence to the clinical protocol;
- Completion of at least the first phase of the TRT program (directive counselling, tinnitus psychoacoustic measurements and participation in sound therapy);
- Noncompletion of the entire TRT program, namely the therapist did not define the case as successfully closed after 12–18 months of follow-up;
- No previous history of otologic diseases or migrainous vertigo;
- No involvement in litigation or seeking monetary compensation for their tinnitus.
- Missing group (M; n = 36): Patients who completed the first phase of the TRT program but did not return for the second counselling appointment.
- Noncompliant group (NC; n = 34): Patients who attended counselling appointments for less than 6 months.
- Compliant group (C; n = 20): Patients who attended counselling appointments for more than 6 months but did not complete the TRT program of 12–18 months duration.
Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M | NC | C | CC | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | 28 (78%) | 30 (88%) | 16 (80%) | 26 (93%) | 0.33 |
No | 8 (22%) | 4 (12%) | 4 (20%) | 2 (7%) | ||
| (A) “an insurmountable problem” | 4 (11%) | 8 (24%) | 4 (20%) | 2 (7%) | 0.59 |
(B) “a lifelong partner” | 20 (56%) | 16 (47%) | 10 (50%) | 14 (50%) | ||
(C) “no longer a problem” | 12 (33%) | 10 (29%) | 6 (30%) | 12 (43%) | ||
| (A) I did not accept the effectiveness of TRT | 18 (50%) | 18 (53%) | 4 (20%) | - | 0.023 |
(B) My tinnitus was cured after the first counselling session | 4 (11%) | 10 (29%) | 6 (30%) | - | ||
(C) Other reasons (for example: illness, distance, occupation) | 14 (39%) | 6 (18%) | 10 (50%) | - | ||
| Yes | 4 (11%) | 6 (18%) | 8 (40%) | 10 (36%) | 0.29 |
No | 32 (89%) | 28 (82%) | 12 (60%) | 18 (64%) | ||
| Yes | 4 (11%) | 8 (24%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.007 |
No | 32 (89%) | 26 (76%) | 20 (100%) | 28 (100%) |
M (n = 36) | NC (n = 34) | C (n = 20) | CC (n = 28) | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
THI | I | 37.57 ± 20.53 | 36.94 ± 18.69 | 34.4 ± 17.15 | 37.57 ± 20.53 | pA = 0.767 | |
T | 9.89 ± 10.94 | 18.70 ± 14.01 | 13.40 ± 19.16 | 4.86 ± 8.79 | pK = 0.036 | ||
p | pW = 0.000 | pW = 0.051 | pW = 0.012 | pW = 0.001 | |||
VAS | L | I | 6.06 ± 1.53 | 5.82 ± 2.26 | 6.28 ± 1.39 | 6.12 ± 1.30 | pK = 0.706 |
T | 4.19 ± 3.16 | 5.18 ± 2.92 | 4.45 ± 3.12 | 4.14 ± 2.50 | pK = 0.659 | ||
p | pW = 0.006 | pW = 0.313 | pW = 0.185 | pW = 0.014 | |||
A | I | 6.67 ± 2.09 | 6.76 ± 2.43 | 7 ± 2.23 | 7.23 ± 1.64 | pK = 0.992 | |
T | 3.77 ± 2.90 | 5.08 ± 2.79 | 4.15 ± 2.83 | 2.46 ± 2.24 | pK = 0.058 | ||
p | pW = 0.001 | pW = 0.034 | pW = 0.01 | pW = 0.001 | |||
E | I | 4.37 ± 3.57 | 5.03 ± 3.04 | 6.05 ± 2.67 | 4.42 ± 2.48 | pK = 0.603 | |
T | 2.72 ± 2.19 | 2.85 ± 3.15 | 2.85 ± 3.15 | 1.43 ± 1.97 | pK = 0.243 | ||
p | pW = 0.006 | pW = 0.12 | pW = 0.036 | pW = 0.005 |
A | B | C | p | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
THI | I | 35.35 ± 16.48 | 27.2 ± 20.09 | 36.53 ± 18.57 | pA = 0.408 |
T | 25.09 ± 17.21 | 4.4 ± 5.15 | 6.8 ± 6.18 | pK = 0.000 | |
p | pT = 0.029 | pT = 0.002 | pW = 0.000 | ||
VAS L | I | 6.58 ± 1.94 | 5 ± 1.78 | 6.4 ± 1.72 | pA = 0.083 |
T | 6 ± 2.97 | 2.9 ± 2.78 | 3.93 ± 2.55 | pK = 0.009 | |
p | pT = 0.337 | pW = 0.041 | pT = 0.008 | ||
VAS A | I | 6.95 ± 1.81 | 5.85 ± 2.73 | 7.26 ± 2.19 | pA = 0.266 |
T | 5.775 ± 2.68 | 2.55 ± 2.49 | 3.7 ± 2.45 | pK = 0.002 | |
p | pW = 0.061 | pW = 0.006 | pT = 0.000 | ||
VAS E | I | 5.35 ± 3.20 | 4 ± 2.91 | 6.13 ± 2.58 | pK = 0.161 |
T | 4.475 ± 2.96 | 0.95 ± 1.23 | 2.56 ± 2.06 | pK = 0.005 | |
p | pW = 0.234 | pW = 0.022 | pT = 0.000 |
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Lapenna, R.; Molini, E.; Cipriani, L.; Del Zompo, M.R.; Giommetti, G.; Faralli, M.; Ricci, G. Long-Term Results of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Patients Who Failed to Complete the Program. Audiol. Res. 2021, 11, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres11010001
Lapenna R, Molini E, Cipriani L, Del Zompo MR, Giommetti G, Faralli M, Ricci G. Long-Term Results of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Patients Who Failed to Complete the Program. Audiology Research. 2021; 11(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres11010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleLapenna, Ruggero, Egisto Molini, Laura Cipriani, Maria Rita Del Zompo, Giorgia Giommetti, Mario Faralli, and Giampietro Ricci. 2021. "Long-Term Results of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in Patients Who Failed to Complete the Program" Audiology Research 11, no. 1: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres11010001