Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections; Long-Term Outcome after Extraction and Antibiotic Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Selection and Study Definitions
2.2. Extraction Procedure
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pocket Infection | Systemic Infection | All Infections | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 104 | 61 | 165 | |
Mean age (y) ± SD | 66.9 ± 15.0 | 69.8 (±12.4) | 67.0 ± 14.1 | |
Sex female n (%) | 33 (31.7%) | 17 (27.9%) | 50 (30.3%) | 0.601 |
Heart failure n (%) | 36 (34.6%) | 27 (44.3%) | 63 (38.1%) | 0.219 |
Coronary artery disease n (%) | 26 (25.0%) | 19 (31.1%) | 45 (27.2%) | 0.394 |
Valvular heart disease n (%) | 21 (20.2%) | 13 (21.3%) | 34 (20.6%) | 0.864 |
Hypertension n (%) | 20 (19.2%) | 8 (13.1%) | 28 (17.0%) | 0.310 |
CABG n (%) | 16 (15.4%) | 12 (19.7%) | 28 (16.9%) | 0.47 |
Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 11 (10.6%) | 12 (19.6%) | 23 (13.9%) | 0.11 |
Pocket Infection | Systemic Infection | All Infections | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 104 | 61 | 165 | |
Type of device | ||||
PM | 53 (50.9%) | 36 (59.1%) | 89 (53.9%) | 0.615 |
CRT-D | 21 (20.2%) | 13 (21.3%) | 34 (20.6%) | 0.86 |
ICD | 19 (18.3%) | 8 (13.1%) | 27 (16.4%) | 0.39 |
CRT-P | 11 (10.6%) | 4 (6.6%) | 15 (9.1%) | 0.38 |
De novo implantation | 20 (19.2%) | 30 (49.2%) | 40 (30.3%) | 0.004 |
Reimplantation | 84 (80.8%) | 31 (50.8%) | 115 (69.7%) | 0.004 |
More than 2 CIED procedures | 29 (27.8%) | 12 (19.7%) | 41 (24.8%) | 0.23 |
Pocket Infection (n = 104) | Systemic Infection (n = 61) | All Infections (n = 165) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Length of hospitalization | 5.7 (±5.9) | 38.6 (±15.7) | 17.9 (±19) | <0.001 |
Days to reimplantation | 6.9 (±14.6) | 17.8 (±17.9) | 9.5 (±16) | 0.006 |
Days on antibiotic treatment | 22.7 (±22.6) | 39.7(±16.02) | 29.9 (±21.9) | <0.001 |
Pocket Infection (n = 104) | Systemic Infection (n = 61) | All Infections (n = 165) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Staphylococcus aureus | 14 (13.5%) | 27 (44.2%) | 41 (24.8%) | <0.001 |
Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 23 (22.1%) | 15 (24.5%) | 38 (23.0%) | 0.7 |
Cutibacterium acnes | 18 (17.3%) | 4 (6.5%) | 22 (13.3%) | 0.028 |
Streptococcus spp. | 0 | 6 (9.8%) | 6 (3.6%) | - |
Other | 7 (6.7%) | 6 (9.8%) | 13 (7.9%) | 0.47 |
Negative culture or PCR | 35 (33.5%) | 3 (4.9%) | 38 (23.0%) | 0.0023 |
Not performed | 7 (6.7%) | 0 | 7 (4.2%) | - |
Pocket Infection | Systemic Infection | All Infections | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of patients | 104 | 61 | 165 | |
30—day mortality | 0 | 3 (17%) | 3 (1.8%) | - |
1—year mortality | 8 (7.7%) | 14 (22.3%) | 22 (13.3%) | 0.006 |
4—year mortality | 21 (20.1%) | 26 (42.6%) | 47 (28.4%) | 0.002 |
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Hörnsten, J.; Axelsson, L.; Westling, K. Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections; Long-Term Outcome after Extraction and Antibiotic Treatment. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2021, 13, 627-635. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13030059
Hörnsten J, Axelsson L, Westling K. Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections; Long-Term Outcome after Extraction and Antibiotic Treatment. Infectious Disease Reports. 2021; 13(3):627-635. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13030059
Chicago/Turabian StyleHörnsten, Jonas, Louise Axelsson, and Katarina Westling. 2021. "Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections; Long-Term Outcome after Extraction and Antibiotic Treatment" Infectious Disease Reports 13, no. 3: 627-635. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13030059
APA StyleHörnsten, J., Axelsson, L., & Westling, K. (2021). Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections; Long-Term Outcome after Extraction and Antibiotic Treatment. Infectious Disease Reports, 13(3), 627-635. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr13030059