Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) in Preclinical Studies of Antivascular Treatments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Tumour Microvasculature and Antivascular Treatments
1.2. In vivo Imaging of Antivascular Treatments
2. DCE-MRI
2.1. Principle
2.2. Semiquantitative Analysis
2.3. Model Analysis
2.4. Contrast Agents
3. Antiangiogenic Treatments
3.1. Antibodies and Specialized Proteins
Compound | Angiogenic target | Schedule/dose | References |
---|---|---|---|
Antibodies and specialized proteins | |||
Bevacizumab * | VEGF-A (VEGF165) | 1–6 × 5–45 mg/kg | [78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88] |
DC101 | VEGFR-2 | 7 × 30mg/kg | [89] |
VEGF-trap | VEGF-A/B, PlGF | 4 × 25mg/kg | [90] |
Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors | |||
Vatalanib | PDGFR-β, c-kit, VEGFRs | 7–14 × 50–100 mg/kg | [91,92,93,94] |
Sunitinib | VEGFRs, PDGFRs | 1–7 × 40–45 mg/kg | [95,96] |
Orantinib | VEGFR-2, c-kit, FGFR, PDGFR | 1–14 × 200 mg/kg | [97,98] |
Vandetanib | VEGFR-2, EGFR | 2 × 12.5–100 mg/kg | [51,99] |
Axitinib | PDGFR, c-kit, VEGFR-1/2/3 | 14 × 25 mg/kg | [100] |
Imatinib | PDGFR-β, c-kit, abl, VEGFR-2 | 3 × 50 mg/kg | [101] |
Cediranib | VEGFRs | 1–20 × 6 mg/kg | [102] |
Sorafenib | VEGFRs, PDGFRs, Raf | 25 × 7 mg/kg | [103] |
Others | |||
TNP-470 | MetAP2 | 3–7 × 6.7–30 mg/kg | [104] |
Everolimus | mTOR | 1–7 × 5–10 mg/kg | [105] |
KR-31831 | Unknown | 21 × 50 mg/kg | [106] |
Thalidomide | FGF-2 | 2–3 × 60–200 mg/kg | [107,108,109] |
3.2. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
3.3. Other Mechanisms of Action
4. Vascular Disrupting Agents
4.1. Tubulin Binding Agents
Compounds | Dose/schedule | DCE-MRI | References |
---|---|---|---|
Tubulin binding | |||
CA4P | 1-2 × 10-250 mg/kg (mouse) | 1-24 h | [77,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,118,119,120,121] |
1 × 10-100 mg/kg (rat) | 1 h-9 days | [70,122,123,124,125] | |
OXi4503 | 1-2 × 25-100 mg/kg (mouse) | 4-144 h | [114] |
ZD6126 | 1 × 50-200 mg/kg (mouse) | 24 h | [126,127] |
1 × 2.5-50 mg/kg (rat) | 1-120 h | [125,128,129,130,131] | |
NPI2358 | 1 × 2.5-15 mg/kg (mouse) | 1-24 h | [132] |
Stilbene 5c and 6c | 1 × 50 mg/kg (mouse) | 4 h | [133] |
TZT-1027 | 1 × 0.5 mg/kg (rat) | 1-3 h | [134] |
ABT-751 | 1 × 30 mg/kg (rat) | 1-6 h | [135] |
TNF-α inducing | |||
DMXAA | 1-4 × 22-30 mg/kg (mouse) | 3-24 h | [113,136,137,138,139,141,142,143] |
1 × 100-350 mg/kg (rat) | 4-24 h | [144] | |
TNF-α | 300 μg/kg or viral overexpression (mouse) | 2-96 h or 3 days | [145,146] |
AP/1649, AP/1897 | 4 × 27 mg/kg (mouse) | 3-24 h | [143] |
Other | |||
Radiation | 8-18 Gy single dose or fractionated (rat) | 2-25 days | [147,148] |
20 Gy single dose or fractionated (mouse) | 3-120 h | [32] | |
Photosensitizers | |||
Bacteriochlorophyll-serine | 1 × 20 mg/kg (mouse) | 1-24 h | [136,149] |
Targeted chemotherapy | |||
MBT-0206 | 3 × 5 mg/kg (hamster) | 24 h | [150] |
EndoTAG®-2 | 6 × 2.5 mg/kg (mouse) | 24 h | [151] |
4.2. TNF-α Inducing Agents
4.3. Other Vascular Disrupting Treatments
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgements
References
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Nielsen, T.; Wittenborn, T.; Horsman, M.R. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) in Preclinical Studies of Antivascular Treatments. Pharmaceutics 2012, 4, 563-589. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics4040563
Nielsen T, Wittenborn T, Horsman MR. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) in Preclinical Studies of Antivascular Treatments. Pharmaceutics. 2012; 4(4):563-589. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics4040563
Chicago/Turabian StyleNielsen, Thomas, Thomas Wittenborn, and Michael R. Horsman. 2012. "Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) in Preclinical Studies of Antivascular Treatments" Pharmaceutics 4, no. 4: 563-589. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics4040563