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Pharmaceutics
Volume 17
Issue 7
10.3390/pharmaceutics17070911
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Amikacin Coated 3D-Printed Metal Devices for Prevention of Postsurgical Infections (PSIs)

by
Chu Zhang
1,
Ishwor Poudel
1,
Nur Mita
1,2,
Xuejia Kang
1,3,
Manjusha Annaji
1,
Seungjong Lee
3,4,
Peter Panizzi
1,
Nima Shamsaei
3,4,
Oladiran Fasina
5,
R. Jayachandra Babu
1,* and
Robert D. Arnold
1,*
1
Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
4
National Center for Additive Manufacturing Excellence (NCAME), Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
5
Department of Biosystems Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(7), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17070911 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 20 June 2025 / Revised: 8 July 2025 / Accepted: 10 July 2025 / Published: 14 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Drug Delivery and Controlled Release)
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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Personalized 3D-printed (3DP) metallic implants delivery systems are being explored to repair bone fractures, allowing the customization of medical implants that respond to individual patient needs, making it potentially more effective and of greater quality than mass-produced devices. However, challenges associated with postsurgical infections caused by bacterial adhesion remain a clinical issue. To address this, local antibiotic therapies are receiving extensive attention to minimize the risk of implant-related infections. This study investigated the use of amikacin (AMK), a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic, incorporated onto 3D-printed 316L stainless steel implants using biodegradable polymer coatings of chitosan and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). Methods: This research examined different approaches to coat 3DP implants with amikacin. Various polymer-based coatings were studied to determine the optimal formulation based on the characteristics and release profile. The optimal formulation was performed on the antibacterial activity studies. Results: AMK-chitosan with PLGA coating implants controlled the rate of drug release for up to one month. The 3DP drug-loaded substrates demonstrated effective, concentration-dependent antibacterial activity against common infective pathogens. AMK-loaded substrates showed antimicrobial effectiveness for one week and inhibited bacteria significantly compared to the uncoated controls. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that 3DP metal surfaces coated with amikacin can provide customizable drug release profiles while effectively inhibiting bacterial growth. These findings highlight the potential of combining 3D printing with localized delivery strategies to prevent implant-associated infections and advance the development of personalized therapies.
Keywords: 3D-printing technology; biomedical implants; personalized delivery; amikacin; polymeric coating 3D-printing technology; biomedical implants; personalized delivery; amikacin; polymeric coating
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, C.; Poudel, I.; Mita, N.; Kang, X.; Annaji, M.; Lee, S.; Panizzi, P.; Shamsaei, N.; Fasina, O.; Babu, R.J.; et al. Amikacin Coated 3D-Printed Metal Devices for Prevention of Postsurgical Infections (PSIs). Pharmaceutics 2025, 17, 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17070911

AMA Style

Zhang C, Poudel I, Mita N, Kang X, Annaji M, Lee S, Panizzi P, Shamsaei N, Fasina O, Babu RJ, et al. Amikacin Coated 3D-Printed Metal Devices for Prevention of Postsurgical Infections (PSIs). Pharmaceutics. 2025; 17(7):911. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17070911

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Chu, Ishwor Poudel, Nur Mita, Xuejia Kang, Manjusha Annaji, Seungjong Lee, Peter Panizzi, Nima Shamsaei, Oladiran Fasina, R. Jayachandra Babu, and et al. 2025. "Amikacin Coated 3D-Printed Metal Devices for Prevention of Postsurgical Infections (PSIs)" Pharmaceutics 17, no. 7: 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17070911

APA Style

Zhang, C., Poudel, I., Mita, N., Kang, X., Annaji, M., Lee, S., Panizzi, P., Shamsaei, N., Fasina, O., Babu, R. J., & Arnold, R. D. (2025). Amikacin Coated 3D-Printed Metal Devices for Prevention of Postsurgical Infections (PSIs). Pharmaceutics, 17(7), 911. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17070911

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