Lipid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for mRNA Vaccines for Viral Lung Infections
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. mRNA Vaccination and Mechanism of Action of mRNA
2.1. Background of mRNA Vaccines
2.2. Therapeutic Considerations of mRNA Vaccines
3. Combining Nanoparticles with mRNA Vaccines
4. Nanoparticles as Carriers
Nanoparticle Delivery Systems
5. Lipid Nanoparticles Used in mRNA Vaccines and Their Delivery Systems
5.1. Ionizable Lipids
5.2. Cationic Lipids
5.3. Other Types of Lipids That Can Be Used in mRNA Delivery Systems Based on Nanoparticles
5.4. Lipid-Bound Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
5.5. Cholesterol
6. Nanodelivery Systems Based on Lipid Nanoparticles
- (1)
- Promotion of the release of mRNA from the endosome to the cytoplasm;
- (2)
- Control of the uptake of mRNA into the target host cell.
7. Treatment and Prevention of Viral Infectious Diseases of the Lungs
7.1. Influenza
7.2. Coronavirus
7.3. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
8. Using Particles as a Delivery System
8.1. LNPs as a Delivery System
8.2. VLPs as a Delivery System
9. Challenges
10. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Differences | Similarities | |
---|---|---|
LNP |
| Shape, particle size distribution, positive charge, lipid composition |
Liposome |
|
Indication | Nanodelivery System Compositions | Route of Administration | In Vivo Model |
---|---|---|---|
Influenza virus | Ionizable lipid, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG lipid | Intramuscular | Rodents and NHPs |
Influenza virus | DOTAP, DOPE, (DSPE-Mpeg2000), Mannose | Intranasal | Mice |
COVID-19 | Ionizable lipid, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG lipid | Intramuscular | Mice and NHPs |
Respiratory syncytial virus | Ionizable lipid, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG lipid | Intramuscular | Mice and cotton rats |
Name | Funding Source | Disease | Encoded Antigen | Administration Route | Stage | ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mRNA-1440 (nucleoside-modified) | Moderna Therapeutics | Influenza H10N8 | Haemagglutinin | i.m. | Phase I | NCT03076385 |
mRNA-1851 (nucleoside-modified) | Moderna Therapeutics | Influenza H7N9 | Haemagglutinin | i.m. | Phase I | NCT03345043 |
mRNA-1273 (perfusion-stabilized S protein mRNA vaccine) | Moderna Therapeutics/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | COVID-19 | Spike | i.m. | Phase III | NCT04470427 |
BNT162 (3 LNP-mRNA vaccines) | BioNTech/Pfizer | COVID-19 | Spike | i.m. | Phase III | NCT04537949 |
BNT162b2 | Pfizer | SARS-CoV-2 | Spike | i.m. | Phase III (EUA and CMA) | NCT04368728 |
CVnCoV | CureVac AG | SARS-CoV-2 | Spike | i.m. | Phase III | NCT04652102 |
ARCT-021 | Arcturus Therapeutics | SARS-CoV-2 | Spike | i.m. | Phase II | NCT04728347 |
mRNA-1345 | Moderna | RSV | F glycoprotein | i.m. | Phase I | NCT04528719 |
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Hajiaghapour Asr, M.; Dayani, F.; Saedi Segherloo, F.; Kamedi, A.; Neill, A.O.; MacLoughlin, R.; Doroudian, M. Lipid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for mRNA Vaccines for Viral Lung Infections. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041127
Hajiaghapour Asr M, Dayani F, Saedi Segherloo F, Kamedi A, Neill AO, MacLoughlin R, Doroudian M. Lipid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for mRNA Vaccines for Viral Lung Infections. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(4):1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041127
Chicago/Turabian StyleHajiaghapour Asr, Mena, Fatemeh Dayani, Fatemeh Saedi Segherloo, Ali Kamedi, Andrew O’ Neill, Ronan MacLoughlin, and Mohammad Doroudian. 2023. "Lipid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for mRNA Vaccines for Viral Lung Infections" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 4: 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041127
APA StyleHajiaghapour Asr, M., Dayani, F., Saedi Segherloo, F., Kamedi, A., Neill, A. O., MacLoughlin, R., & Doroudian, M. (2023). Lipid Nanoparticles as Promising Carriers for mRNA Vaccines for Viral Lung Infections. Pharmaceutics, 15(4), 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15041127