Synergistic Pro-Apoptotic Effect of a Cyclic RGD Peptide-Conjugated Magnetic Mesoporous Therapeutic Nanosystem on Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of RGDSPIO@MSN NPs
2.2.1. Preparation of SPIO NPs
2.2.2. Preparation of SPIO@MSN NPs
2.2.3. Amination of SPIO@MSN NPs by APTES
2.2.4. NH2-SPIO@MSN NPs and Cyclic RGD Peptides Were Activated by the Bifunctional Cross-Linker Sulfo-SMCC and Traut’s Reagent, Respectively
2.2.5. Cyclic RGD Peptide-Modified SPIO@MSN NPs
2.3. Stability Analysis of SPIO@MSN NPs and RGDSPIO@MSN NPs in Different Media
2.4. Hemolytic Analysis of RGDSPIO@MSN NPs
2.5. Drug Loading and Drug Loading Content Analysis
2.6. Cell Culture
2.7. RBITC-Labeled SPIO@MSN NPs and RGDSPIO@MSN NPs
2.8. Cellular Uptake Analysis
2.9. Cytotoxicity Analysis
2.10. Reactive Oxygen Species Assay
2.11. Apoptosis Analysis of the Treated HepG2 Cells
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Synthesis and Characterization of RGDSPIO@MSN@DOX NPs
3.2. Analysis of Stability and Drug Loading Performance
3.3. RBITC-Labeled SPIO@MSN NPs and RGDSPIO@MSN NPs
3.4. Cellular Uptake Evaluation
3.5. Cytotoxicity and Anti-Proliferative Activity Analysis
3.6. The Effect on the Level of Reactive Oxygen Species
3.7. Analysis of Cell Apoptosis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zhao, X.; Liu, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, X.; Tao, H.; Chen, H.; Wang, X.; Duan, S. Synergistic Pro-Apoptotic Effect of a Cyclic RGD Peptide-Conjugated Magnetic Mesoporous Therapeutic Nanosystem on Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010276
Zhao X, Liu C, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Tao H, Chen H, Wang X, Duan S. Synergistic Pro-Apoptotic Effect of a Cyclic RGD Peptide-Conjugated Magnetic Mesoporous Therapeutic Nanosystem on Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(1):276. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010276
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Xuanping, Chuan Liu, Zichao Wang, Yingyuan Zhao, Xuyang Chen, Haizhen Tao, Hong Chen, Xueqin Wang, and Shaofeng Duan. 2023. "Synergistic Pro-Apoptotic Effect of a Cyclic RGD Peptide-Conjugated Magnetic Mesoporous Therapeutic Nanosystem on Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1: 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010276