Influence of In Situ Calcium Pectinate Coating on Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets for Controlled Release and Colon-Specific Drug Delivery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets
2.3. Preparation of Coated Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets
2.4. Evaluation of Coated Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets
2.4.1. Morphology
2.4.2. In Vitro Drug Release
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Solution Layering of Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets
3.2. Subcoating and Alternate Coating of Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets
3.2.1. Morphology of Coated Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets
3.2.2. In Vitro Drug Release
- Effect of the inner and outer calcium layer of alternate layer coating
- 2.
- Effect of the number of layers of alternate layer coating
- 3.
- Effect of coating quantity and sequence of alternate layer coating
- 4.
- Mathematical models of alternate-layer-coated pellets
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients | % w/w | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Drug Layering | Sub-Coating | Coating | ||
Pectin (P) | Calcium (Ca) | |||
Metoprolol tartrate | 30.0 | - | - | - |
HPMC E15 LV | 3.0 | 4.0 | - | 4.0 |
Pectin | - | - | 3.0 | - |
Calcium chloride | - | - | - | 4.0 |
PEG 6000 | - | 0.8 | - | 0.8 |
Talcum | 2.0 | 0.8 | - | 0.8 |
Glycerol | - | - | 0.6 | - |
Silicone emulsion, 10% | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | 0.2 |
Ethanol and water (1:1) qs | 100 | - | - | - |
Water qs | - | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Parameters | Operating Conditions | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sub-Coating | Pectin Coating | Calcium Coating | |
Inlet temperature, °C | 50 | 65 | 50 |
Fluidized air velocity, m3/h | 75 | 75 | 75 |
Product and outlet temperature, °C | 32–34 | 35–38 | 32–34 |
Atomization pressure, MPa | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
Spray rate, g/min | 10–12 | 15–18 | 10–12 |
pH | Coating Sequence | Zero Order Qt = K0t + Q0 | First Order log Qt = K1t + log Q0 | Higuchi Qt = KHt1/2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
7.4 | P | 0.8190 | 0.7128 | 0.8734 |
P/Ca | 0.9663 | 0.8732 | 0.9864 | |
P/Ca/P | 0.9582 | 0.8458 | 0.9929 | |
P/Ca/P/Ca | 0.9826 | 0.9009 | 0.9974 | |
Ca/P | 0.9154 | 0.7374 | 0.9725 | |
Ca/P/Ca | 0.9468 | 0.7616 | 0.9799 | |
Ca/P/Ca/P | 0.9867 | 0.9009 | 0.9992 | |
6.0 | P | 0.8225 | 0.7270 | 0.8845 |
P/Ca | 0.9779 | 0.9076 | 0.9934 | |
P/Ca/P | 0.9840 | 0.8567 | 0.9974 | |
P/Ca/P/Ca | 0.9517 | 0.8584 | 0.9819 | |
Ca/P | 0.9152 | 0.7647 | 0.9714 | |
Ca/P/Ca | 0.9269 | 0.7540 | 0.9663 | |
Ca/P/Ca/P | 0.9517 | 0.8101 | 0.9898 |
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Wanasawas, P.; Mitrevej, A.; Sinchaipanid, N. Influence of In Situ Calcium Pectinate Coating on Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets for Controlled Release and Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051061
Wanasawas P, Mitrevej A, Sinchaipanid N. Influence of In Situ Calcium Pectinate Coating on Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets for Controlled Release and Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2022; 14(5):1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051061
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanasawas, Pimphaka, Ampol Mitrevej, and Nuttanan Sinchaipanid. 2022. "Influence of In Situ Calcium Pectinate Coating on Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets for Controlled Release and Colon-Specific Drug Delivery" Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5: 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051061
APA StyleWanasawas, P., Mitrevej, A., & Sinchaipanid, N. (2022). Influence of In Situ Calcium Pectinate Coating on Metoprolol Tartrate Pellets for Controlled Release and Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 14(5), 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051061