Natural Products as Tools for Defining How Cellular Metabolism Influences Cellular Immune and Inflammatory Function during Chronic Infection
by
Erica S. Lovelace 1 and Stephen J. Polyak 1,2,3,*
Erica S. Lovelace 1 and Stephen J. Polyak 1,2,3,*
1
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
2
Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
3
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Thomas F. Baumert
Viruses 2015, 7(12), 6218-6232; https://doi.org/10.3390/v7122933
Received: 2 October 2015 / Revised: 13 November 2015 / Accepted: 19 November 2015 / Published: 30 November 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HCV Drug Resistance)
Chronic viral infections like those caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause disease that establishes an ongoing state of chronic inflammation. While there have been tremendous improvements towards curing HCV with directly acting antiviral agents (DAA) and keeping HIV viral loads below detection with antiretroviral therapy (ART), there is still a need to control inflammation in these diseases. Recent studies indicate that many natural products like curcumin, resveratrol and silymarin alter cellular metabolism and signal transduction pathways via enzymes such as adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and these pathways directly influence cellular inflammatory status (such as NF-κB) and immune function. Natural products represent a vast toolkit to dissect and define how cellular metabolism controls cellular immune and inflammatory function.
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Keywords:
natural product; inflammation; HCV; HIV; mTOR; NF-κB; AMPK
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Lovelace, E.S.; Polyak, S.J. Natural Products as Tools for Defining How Cellular Metabolism Influences Cellular Immune and Inflammatory Function during Chronic Infection. Viruses 2015, 7, 6218-6232.
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