Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Lithuania: Situation before Introduction of the National Screening Programme
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mortality Data
2.2. Data on HCV Prevalence among Patients with Liver Diseases
2.3. Screening for Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Case-Control Study
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | Age Groups (Years) | p-Value between Age Groups | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Under 50 | 50–59 | 60–69 | 70 and More | Total | ||
Liver cirrhosis (n = 262) | ||||||
Men n (%) | 17 (37.0) | 33 (57.9) ** | 7 (23.3) | 2 (15.4) | 59 (40.4) | 0.002 |
Women n (%) | 5 (21.7) * | 17 (37.0) | 12 (46.2) | 13 (61.9) * | 47 (40.5) | 0.047 |
Total n (%) | 22 (31.9) * | 50 (48.5) * | 19 (33.9) | 15 (44.1) | 106 (40.5) | 0.108 |
Hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 197) | ||||||
Men n (%) | 7 (70.0) | 32 (76.2) * | 16 (30.2) | 9 (20.9) * | 64 (43.2) | <0.001 |
Women n (%) | 2 (66.7) | 10 (76.9) | 10 (66.7) | 12 (66.7) | 34 (69.4) | 0.925 |
Total n (%) | 9 (69.2) | 42 (76.4) * | 26 (38.2) * | 21 (34.4) | 98 (49.7) | <0.001 |
Liver transplantation (n = 107) | ||||||
Men n (%) | 12 (40) | 16 (43.2) | 1 (33.3) | 0 | 29 (41.4) | 0.925 |
Women n (%) | 2 (15.4) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (42.9) | 0 | 9 (27.3) | 0.701 |
Total n (%) | 14 (32.6) | 20 (40.8) | 4 (40.0) | 0 | 38 (36.9) | 0.790 |
Age Groups (Years) | Men | Women | Total | p-Value between Men and Women | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Screened | Seropositive | Total Screened | Seropositive | Total Screened | Seropositive | ||
n | n (%) | n | n (%) | n | n (%) | ||
<30 | 229 | 1 (0.4) | 183 | 1 (0.5) | 412 | 2 (0.5) | 1.000 |
30–39 | 251 | 9 (3.6) | 262 | 1 (0.4) | 513 | 10 (1.9) | 0.010 |
40–49 | 520 | 18 (3.5) | 333 | 5 (1.5) | 853 | 23 (2.7) | 0.127 |
50–59 | 562 | 15 (2.7) | 668 | 13 (1.9) | 1230 | 28 (2.3) | 0.446 |
60–69 | 487 | 6 (1.2) * | 550 | 9 (1.6) | 1037 | 15 (1.4) | 0.615 |
≥70 | 314 | 0 | 508 | 3 (0.6) | 822 | 3 (0.4) * | 0.291 |
p-Value | 0.001 | 0.192 | 0.001 | - | |||
Total | 2363 | 49 (2.1) | 2504 | 32 (1.3) | 4867 | 81 (1.7) | 0.033 |
Risk Factor | Men (n = 105) | Women (n = 90) | Total (n = 195) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti HCV+ (n = 35) | Anti HCV− (n = 70) | p-Value | Anti HCV+ (n = 30) | Anti HCV− (n = 60) | p-Value | Anti HCV+ (n = 65) | Anti HCV− (n = 130) | p-Value | |
Blood transfusion before 1993 | 17.1 | 1.4 | 0.006 | 23.3 | 6.6 | 0.036 | 20.0 | 3.8 | <0.001 |
Blood donors before 1993 | 60.0 | 29.0 | 0.002 | 33.3 * | 14.8 | 0.04 | 47.7 | 22.3 | <0.001 |
Tattoo | 60.0 | 10.1 | <0.001 | 17.2 * | 11.5 | 0.452 | 40.6 | 10.8 | <0.001 |
Injection of illegal drugs | 40.0 | - | 3.6 * | - | 23.8 | - | |||
Being in prison for more than 3 months | 45.7 | - | 3.6 * | 27.0 |
Risk Factor | Univariable Analysis | Multivariable Analysis * | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Blood transfusion before 1993 | 6.25 | 2.12–18.42 | 0.001 | 6.81 | 2.00–23.23 | 0.002 |
Blood donors before 1993 | 3.18 | 1.68–6.01 | <0.001 | 4.59 | 2.08–10.15 | <0.001 |
Tattoo | 5.67 | 2.67–11.95 | <0.001 | 6.46 | 2.81–14.82 | <0.001 |
Women vs. men | 0.97 | 0.53–1.76 | 0.930 | 0.75 | 0.36–1.58 | 0.454 |
Age | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 | 0.160 | 0.96 | 0.92–0.99 | 0.047 |
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Ciupkeviciene, E.; Petkeviciene, J.; Sumskiene, J.; Dragunas, G.; Dabravalskis, S.; Kreivenaite, E.; Telksnys, T.; Urbonas, G.; Kupcinskas, L. Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Lithuania: Situation before Introduction of the National Screening Programme. Viruses 2022, 14, 1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061192
Ciupkeviciene E, Petkeviciene J, Sumskiene J, Dragunas G, Dabravalskis S, Kreivenaite E, Telksnys T, Urbonas G, Kupcinskas L. Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Lithuania: Situation before Introduction of the National Screening Programme. Viruses. 2022; 14(6):1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061192
Chicago/Turabian StyleCiupkeviciene, Egle, Janina Petkeviciene, Jolanta Sumskiene, Gediminas Dragunas, Saulius Dabravalskis, Edita Kreivenaite, Tadas Telksnys, Gediminas Urbonas, and Limas Kupcinskas. 2022. "Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Lithuania: Situation before Introduction of the National Screening Programme" Viruses 14, no. 6: 1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061192
APA StyleCiupkeviciene, E., Petkeviciene, J., Sumskiene, J., Dragunas, G., Dabravalskis, S., Kreivenaite, E., Telksnys, T., Urbonas, G., & Kupcinskas, L. (2022). Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Lithuania: Situation before Introduction of the National Screening Programme. Viruses, 14(6), 1192. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14061192