Cross-Antigenicity between EV71 Sub-Genotypes: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Serum Samples
2.1.1. Collection of Serum Samples from Phase-Ⅳ Clinical Trial Participants Vaccinated with EV71 Vaccines
2.1.2. Collection of Serum Samples from Rats Inoculated with Different Sub-Genotypes of EV71
2.1.3. Serum Samples from EV71 Vaccine-Immunized Rats
2.2. Cells and Viruses
2.3. Sequence Analyses
2.4. CPE Assays for the Detection of NTAb against Different EV71 Sub-Genotypes
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cross-Neutralization Activities of Sera from Rats Inoculated with EV71 Virus Strains from 10 Different Genotypes/Sub-Genotypes
3.2. Cross-Neutralizing Activities of Sera from Rats Inoculated with C4 EV71 Inactivated Vaccines
3.3. Cross-Neutralizing Activity of Sera from Infants and Children Immunized with C4 EV71 Inactivated Vaccines
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sub-Genotype | Name | Year | Country | Genbank No. | Mean of Virus Titer (Lg CCID/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | BrCr/A | 1970 | USA | U22521.1 | 7.69 |
B0 | 66-10857/B0 | 1966 | Netherlands | AB524084 | 9.53 |
B1 | 71-17000/B1 | 1971 | Netherlands | AB524110 | 9.13 |
B2 | 86-11316/B2 | 1986 | Netherlands | AB524132 | 8.84 |
B3 | MAL-97-B3/B3 | 1997 | Malaysia | JN874550 | 8.53 |
B4 | JPN-97-B4/B4 | 1997 | Japan | LC375765 | 8.84 |
C1 | 91-480/C1 | 1991 | Netherlands | AB524200 | 9.5 |
C2 | 36-92/C2 | 2007 | Netherlands | AB524268 | 9.25 |
C4 | 523-07T/C4 | China | EU753398.2 | 8.88 | |
C5 | E200525-TW/C5 | 2006 | Japan | / | 8.72 |
Sub-Genotype | Serum Sample | GMTs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-A | Anti-B0 | Anti-B1 | Anti-B2 | Anti-B3 | Anti-B4 | Anti-C1 | Anti-C2 | Anti-C4 | Anti-C5 | ||
A | 64 | 4 | 96 | 16 | 4 | 48 | 4 | 4 | 12 | 24 | 14.3 * |
B0 | 64 | 128 | 384 | 512 | 8 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 48 | 1024 | 78.4 ** |
B1 | 384 | 32 | 512 | 384 | 16 | 32 | 16 | 16 | 48 | 96 | 65.5 *** |
B2 | 1536 | 24 | 128 | 1536 | 96 | 32 | 16 | 48 | 48 | 512 | 115.4 |
B3 | 8192 | 96 | 512 | 1024 | 192 | 24 | 16 | 32 | 256 | 128 | 178 |
B4 | 16,384 | 256 | 768 | 6144 | 384 | 8 | 48 | 64 | 256 | 192 | 313.5 # |
C1 | 256 | 48 | 1536 | 768 | 128 | 24 | 24 | 64 | 64 | 1024 | 146.3 |
C2 | 128 | 64 | 1536 | 1024 | 48 | 32 | 24 | 96 | 96 | 1024 | 146.3 |
C4 | 1024 | 48 | 192 | 768 | 48 | 32 | 12 | 24 | 192 | 256 | 104.7 |
C5 | 192 | 32 | 1024 | 512 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 32 | 64 | 1024 | 108.3 ## |
MAX/MIN (with A) | 256 | 64 | 16 | 384 | 96 | 6 | 12 | 24 | 21.3 | 42.7 | 22 |
MAX/MIN (without A) | 256 | 10.7 | 12 | 16 | 48 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5.3 | 10.7 | 4.8 |
Sub-Genotypes | Vaccines | GMTs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | ||
A | 37.4 (13.8–101.0) | 172.9 (36.8–811.8) | 805.7 (486.3–1334.9) | 173.4 * |
B0 | 176.0 (34.4–899.2) | 1627.0 (199.2–13,288.9) | 2390.9 (829.4–6892.1) | 881.4 |
B1 | 156.8 (41.0–598.8) | 1204.3 (144.4–10,043.6) | 2390.9 (943.0–6061.8) | 767.2 |
B2 | 237.2 (38.9–1446.3) | 1137.0 (97.4–13,269.4) | 3478.3 (962.3–12,572.4) | 978.9 |
B3 | 284.9 (76.0–1068.3) | 1137.0 (132.0–9794.6) | 717.8 (324.0–1590.3) | 614.9 |
B4 | 395.0 (93.3–1672.3) | 1137.0 (132.0–9794.6) | 1315.7 (513.2–3373.4) | 839.1 |
C1 | 627.1 (138.2–2846.2) | 2273.9 (332.4–15,553.6) | 2088.6 (906.0–4815.0) | 1438.8 ** |
C2 | 313.5 (50.4–1950.9) | 1416.4 (132.7–15,121.1) | 1690.6 (681.9–4191.3) | 908.8 |
C4 | 88.0 (22.5–344.4) | 841.6 (60.5–11,708.5) | 1219.1 (528.9–2809.9) | 448.6 *** |
C5 | 522.2 (98.9–2756.8) | 5325.2 (380.0–74,634.8) | 3649.1 (1243.7–10,707.0) | 2165 |
Max/Min (with A) | 16.8 | 30.8 | 5.1 | - |
Max/Min (without A) | 7.1 | 6.3 | 5.1 | - |
Sub-Genotype | Neutralizing Antibody Titer Induced by | Naturally Infected Serum | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vaccine A | Vaccine B | Vaccine C | |||||
Prevaccination Sero-Negative | Prevaccination Sero-Positive | Prevaccination Sero-Negative | Prevaccination Sero-Positive | Prevaccination Sero-Negative | Prevaccination Sero-Positive | ||
A | 15.3 (11.1–21.1) | 113.1 (88.0–145.4) | 32.0 (24.0–42.8) | 183.8 (122.8–275.1) | 42.8 (33.8–54.1) | 205.1 (152.2–276.5) | 40.8 (31.9–52.2) |
B0 | 118.5 (82.5–170.2) | 1306.0 (1005.0–1697.2) | 199.8 (146.5–272.5) | 2268.0 (1257.1–4092.0) | 328.4 (237.4–454.4) | 2681.3 (1890.9–3802.0) | 318.1 (210.3–481.2) |
B1 | 120.5 (78.8–184.4) | 1379.8 (1081.7–2219.7) | 235.6 (158.9–349.4) | 2544.6 (1561.5–4146.7) | 432.0 (322.3–579.0) | 3151.3 (2416.3–4109.9) | 382.7 (217.1–674.8) |
B2 | 170.0 (100.1–288.8) | 956.1 (748.2–1221.8) | 292.5 (202.3–423.0) | 3044.0 (1611.7–5749.0) | 549.1 (352.3–855.9) | 3715.8 (2515.2–5489.6) | 427.2 (258.2–706.9) |
B3 | 195.3 (135.3–281.8) | 701.7 (523.2–941.2) | 242.5 (164.4–357.7) | 1862.8 (1219.1–2846.3) | 352.0 (236.0–525.0) | 2923.0 (2232.3–3827.4) | 256.2 (171.6–382.5) |
B4 | 237.6 (164.9–342.4) | 772.0 (586.4–1016.4) | 355.0 (251.5–501.1) | 2388.2 (1480.2–3853.4) | 475.2 (323.4–698.4) | 3747.5 (2646.3–5307.1) | 369.7 (235.6–580.2) |
C1 | 227.6 (167.7–308.8) | 1091.8 (816.4–1460.1) | 331.2 (214.4–511.8) | 3589.3 (2233.1–5769.0) | 485.0 (322.5–729.3) | 4874.3 (3646.6–6515.3) | 487.8 (337.7–704.6) |
C2 | 179.6 (121.2–266.2) | 1287.4 (965.2–1717.1) | 292.5 (196.4–435.7) | 2923.0 (1716.7–4977.0) | 422.2 (314.9–566.0) | 2799.5 (2166.1–3618.2) | 370.7 (249.1–551.6) |
C4 | 296.8 (213.3–413.0) | 1513.0 (1110.0–2062.4) | 284.2 (201.1–401.7) | 2354.1 (1377.5–4023.2) | 304.6 (212.1–437.6) | 2743.4 (2116.3–3556.2) | 313.5 (202.5–485.5) |
C5 | 400.7 (265.3–605.2) | 1688.7 (1251.2–2279.3) | 290.1 (171.7–490.1) | 3000.5 (1559.4–5773.2) | 391.6 (246.8–621.3) | 4613.8 (3773.4–5641.3) | 724.6 (428.0–1226.7) |
MAX/ MIN (with A) | 26.2 | 14.9 | 11.1 | 19.5 | 12.8 | 23.8 | 17.8 |
MAX/MIN (without A) | 3.4 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 2.8 |
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Liu, P.; Yuan, Y.; Cui, B.; Huo, Y.; Bian, L.; Chen, L.; Liu, S.; Wang, C.; Xu, Y.; Tedcastle, A.; et al. Cross-Antigenicity between EV71 Sub-Genotypes: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy. Viruses 2021, 13, 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050720
Liu P, Yuan Y, Cui B, Huo Y, Bian L, Chen L, Liu S, Wang C, Xu Y, Tedcastle A, et al. Cross-Antigenicity between EV71 Sub-Genotypes: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy. Viruses. 2021; 13(5):720. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050720
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Pei, Yadi Yuan, Bopei Cui, Yaqian Huo, Lianlian Bian, Lei Chen, Siyuan Liu, Chenfei Wang, Yingzhi Xu, Alison Tedcastle, and et al. 2021. "Cross-Antigenicity between EV71 Sub-Genotypes: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy" Viruses 13, no. 5: 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050720
APA StyleLiu, P., Yuan, Y., Cui, B., Huo, Y., Bian, L., Chen, L., Liu, S., Wang, C., Xu, Y., Tedcastle, A., Gao, F., Mao, Q., Martin, J., & Liang, Z. (2021). Cross-Antigenicity between EV71 Sub-Genotypes: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy. Viruses, 13(5), 720. https://doi.org/10.3390/v13050720