Contribution of Harvest Residues to Nutrient Cycling in a Tropical Acacia mangium Willd. Plantation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Location and Site Description
2.2. Estimation of Biomass and Nutrients in Harvest Residues, Litter and Understory Vegetation
2.3. Rate of Decomposition and Nutrient Release of Harvest Residues (Branches, Leaves, and Bark)
2.4. Plant Nutrient Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Biomass and Nutrient Content of Harvest Residues, Litter and Understory Vegetation
3.2. Decomposition of Harvest Residue Components
3.3. Nutrient Release During Decomposition of Harvest Residues
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Depth | pH | Total C | Total N | Total P | Bray Extractable P | Exchangeable Cations (cmolc (+) kg−1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(cm) | (1:5 Water) | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | g kg−1 | mg kg−1 | K | Ca | Mg |
0–10 | 3.79 | 44.36 | 2.10 | 0.09 | 4.04 | 0.12 | 0.70 | 0.45 |
(0.03) | (2.57) | (0.09) | (0.00) | (0.51) | (0.01) | (0.11) | (0.09) | |
10–30 | 3.94 | 27.80 | 1.54 | 0.08 | 2.21 | 0.08 | 0.57 | 0.40 |
(0.08) | (2.14) | (0.07) | (0.00) | (0.37) | (0.02) | (0.13) | (0.07) |
Components | Dry Weight | Nutrient Content (kg ha−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(t DM ha−1) | N | P | K | Ca | Mg | |
Harvest residue components | ||||||
Bark | 8.9 (0.3) | 133.4 (5.2) | 2.6 (0.1) | 8.4 (0.3) | 76.5 (3.0) | 1.2 (0.1) |
Branches | 6.6 (0.3) | 53.9 (1.8) | 1.9 (0.1) | 4.9 (0.1) | 28.9 (1.3) | 0.9 (0.1) |
Leaves | 2.5 (0.1) | 76.0 (3.3) | 4.5 (0.2) | 13.1 (0.6) | 13.7 (0.6) | 2.8 (0.1) |
Subtotal | 18.1 (0.7) | 263.4 (10) | 9.0 (0.3) | 26.4 (1.0) | 119.2 (4.9) | 4.9 (0.2) |
Forest floor residue components | ||||||
Litter | 5.8 (0.6) | 128.9 (13.3) | 5.1 (0.5) | 31.6 (3.3) | 45.4 (4.7) | 13.7 (1.4) |
Understory | 3.3 (0.4) | 47.3 (5.6) | 0.7 (0.1) | 2.7 (0.3) | 20.4 (2.4) | 1.5 (0.2) |
Subtotal | 9.1 (0.6) | 176.2 (12) | 5.9 (0.5) | 34.4 (3.1) | 65.8 (4.3) | 15.2 (1.3) |
Total residue with bark | 27.2 (0.9) | 439.6 (15) | 14.8 (0.6) | 60.7 (3.2) | 185.0 (6.3) | 20.1 (1.2) |
Total residue without bark | 18.2 (0.7) | 306.1 (12) | 12.2 (0.5) | 52.3 (3.1) | 108.5 (4.5) | 18.9 (1.3) |
Component | Dry Weight Loss (%) | k (Year−1) | R2 | RMSE | p-Value | t0.5 (Year) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaves | 90 | 1.47 | 0.98 | 0.10 | <0.0001 | 0.47 |
Branches | 53 | 0.54 | 0.97 | 0.05 | <0.0001 | 1.29 |
Bark | 28 | 0.22 | 0.98 | 0.02 | <0.0001 | 3.09 |
Components | Dry Weight Loss | Nutrient Release from Decomposing Harvest Residues (kg ha−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(t DM ha−1) | N | P | K | Ca | Mg | |
Leaves | 2.3 (0.1) | 68.1 (2.0) | 4.3 (0.1) | 12.8 (0.1) | 12.6 (0.4) | 2.6 (0.1) |
Branches | 3.5 (0.3) | 20.9 (1.5) | 0.2 (0.8) | 2.7 (0.1) | 23.7 (2.0) | −0.1 (0.0) |
Bark | 2.3 (0.1) | 48.0 (2.8) | 0.3 (0.0) | 5.3 (0.2) | 58.2 (1.5) | −0.4 (0.0) |
Total residue with bark | 8.1 (0.0) | 137.1 (3.1) | 4.7 (0.4) | 20.8 (0.5) | 94.5 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.2) |
Total residue without bark | 5.8 (0.1) | 89.0 (2.3) | 4.4 (0.4) | 15.6 (0.5) | 36.3 (0.8) | 2.6 (0.2) |
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Van Bich, N.; Eyles, A.; Mendham, D.; Dong, T.L.; Ratkowsky, D.; Evans, K.J.; Hai, V.D.; Thanh, H.V.; Thinh, N.V.; Mohammed, C. Contribution of Harvest Residues to Nutrient Cycling in a Tropical Acacia mangium Willd. Plantation. Forests 2018, 9, 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9090577
Van Bich N, Eyles A, Mendham D, Dong TL, Ratkowsky D, Evans KJ, Hai VD, Thanh HV, Thinh NV, Mohammed C. Contribution of Harvest Residues to Nutrient Cycling in a Tropical Acacia mangium Willd. Plantation. Forests. 2018; 9(9):577. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9090577
Chicago/Turabian StyleVan Bich, Nguyen, Alieta Eyles, Daniel Mendham, Tran Lam Dong, David Ratkowsky, Katherine J. Evans, Vo Dai Hai, Hoang Van Thanh, Nguyen Van Thinh, and Caroline Mohammed. 2018. "Contribution of Harvest Residues to Nutrient Cycling in a Tropical Acacia mangium Willd. Plantation" Forests 9, no. 9: 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9090577