Automatic Segmentation of Mauritia flexuosa in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery Using Deep Learning
National Institute of Research and Training in Telecommunications (INICTEL-UNI), National University of Engineering, Lima 15021, Peru
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Forests 2018, 9(12), 736; https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120736
Received: 30 October 2018
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Revised: 22 November 2018
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Accepted: 23 November 2018
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Published: 26 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forestry Applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) 2019)
One of the most important ecosystems in the Amazon rainforest is the Mauritia flexuosa swamp or “aguajal”. However, deforestation of its dominant species, the Mauritia flexuosa palm, also known as “aguaje”, is a common issue, and conservation is poorly monitored because of the difficult access to these swamps. The contribution of this paper is twofold: the presentation of a dataset called MauFlex, and the proposal of a segmentation and measurement method for areas covered in Mauritia flexuosa palms using high-resolution aerial images acquired by UAVs. The method performs a semantic segmentation of Mauritia flexuosa using an end-to-end trainable Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on the Deeplab v3+ architecture. Images were acquired under different environment and light conditions using three different RGB cameras. The MauFlex dataset was created from these images and it consists of 25,248 image patches of pixels and their respective ground truth masks. The results over the test set achieved an accuracy of 98.143%, specificity of 96.599%, and sensitivity of 95.556%. It is shown that our method is able not only to detect full-grown isolated Mauritia flexuosa palms, but also young palms or palms partially covered by other types of vegetation.
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Keywords:
Mauritia flexuosa; semantic segmentation; end-to-end learning; convolutional neural network; forest inventory
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Externally hosted supplementary file 1
Link: http://didt.inictel-uni.edu.pe/dataset/MauFlex_Dataset.rar
Description: MauFlex Dataset
MDPI and ACS Style
Morales, G.; Kemper, G.; Sevillano, G.; Arteaga, D.; Ortega, I.; Telles, J. Automatic Segmentation of Mauritia flexuosa in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery Using Deep Learning. Forests 2018, 9, 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120736
AMA Style
Morales G, Kemper G, Sevillano G, Arteaga D, Ortega I, Telles J. Automatic Segmentation of Mauritia flexuosa in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery Using Deep Learning. Forests. 2018; 9(12):736. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120736
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorales, Giorgio, Guillermo Kemper, Grace Sevillano, Daniel Arteaga, Ivan Ortega, and Joel Telles. 2018. "Automatic Segmentation of Mauritia flexuosa in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery Using Deep Learning" Forests 9, no. 12: 736. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9120736
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