Relationships between Plant Species Richness and Terrain in Middle Sub-Tropical Eastern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Method
3.1. Plant Species Investigation
3.2. Topographic Data
3.3. Data Analysis
3.3.1. Correlation Analysis between Topographic Variables
3.3.2. Analysis between Species Richness and Topographic Variables Based on Generalized Additive Model
3.3.3. Prediction of Species Richness Based on Generalized Additive Model
4. Results
4.1. GAM Analysis on Species Richness-Topography
4.2. Regression Analysis Based on Linear and Quadratic Models
4.3. Spatial Prediction of Species Richness Based on Generalized Additive Model
5. Discussion
5.1. Relation between Species Richness and Altitude
5.2. Topographical Wetness Index
5.3. Performance of Generalized Additive Model
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Altitude | Aspect | Relief Degree | Terrain Roughness | Slope | TWI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Altitude | 1 | −0.04 | −0.25 * | −0.26 * | −0.20 * | 0.17 |
Aspect | −0.04 | 1 | 0.28 ** | 0.24 * | 0.35 ** | −0.27 ** |
Relief Degree | −0.25 * | 0.28 ** | 1 | 0.94 ** | 0.95 ** | −0.35 ** |
Terrain Roughness | −0.26 * | 0.24 * | 0.94 ** | 1 | 0.94 ** | −0.30 ** |
Slope | −0.23 * | 0.35 ** | 0.95 ** | 0.94 ** | 1 | −0.35 ** |
TWI | 0.17 | −0.27 ** | −0.35 ** | −0.30 ** | −0.35 ** | 1 |
Estimate | Standard Error | t-value | Pr (>|z|) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 3.40 | 0.02 | 179.2 | <2 × 10−16 |
Smooth Terms | Edf | Ref.df | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
s(altitude) | 1.96 | 2.00 | 9.16 | 0.00033 |
s(aspect) | 3.61 | 4.46 | 1.61 | 0.16 |
s(slope) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.64 | 0.20 |
s(TWI) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 6.67 | 0.01 |
N | Adjusted R2 | D2 | GCV | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Model Performance | 90 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.04 |
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Song, C.; Cao, M. Relationships between Plant Species Richness and Terrain in Middle Sub-Tropical Eastern China. Forests 2017, 8, 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8090344
Song C, Cao M. Relationships between Plant Species Richness and Terrain in Middle Sub-Tropical Eastern China. Forests. 2017; 8(9):344. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8090344
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Chuangye, and Mingchang Cao. 2017. "Relationships between Plant Species Richness and Terrain in Middle Sub-Tropical Eastern China" Forests 8, no. 9: 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8090344