Ecosystem Carbon Stock Loss after Land Use Change in Subtropical Forests in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Land Use History
2.3. Estimation of Aboveground and Belowground Biomass
2.4. Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Stand Characteristics of the SF and CFP Stand
3.2. Effects of Land Use Change on Biomass C Stock
3.3. Effects of Land Use Change on Soil C Stock
3.4. Effects of Land Use Change on Total Ecosystem C Stocks
4. Discussion
4.1. Land Use Change Decreased Biomass C
4.2. Land Use Change Reduced Soil C
4.3. Implication for Forest Management
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
C | carbon |
SOC | soil organic carbon |
CFP | Chinese fir plantation |
SF | secondary forest |
CO2 | carbon dioxide |
References
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Species | Components | Model | R2adj | n | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cunninghamia lanceolata | Stem | 0.0202 × (DBH2·H)0.967 | 0.9764 | 12 | 0.0179 |
Branch | 0.0118 × DBH3.742 × H−1.603 | 0.9722 | 12 | 0.0294 | |
Leaf | 0.0319 × DBH3.207 × H−1.511 | 0.9522 | 12 | 0.0363 | |
LA | 0.1635 × DBH3.2532 × H−1.5334 | 0.9500 | 12 | 0.0351 | |
Castanopsis sclerophylla | Stem | 0.0240 × (DBH2·H)1.0123 | 0.9795 | 24 | 0.0213 |
Branch | 0.0471 × DBH2.187 | 0.8889 | 24 | 0.0863 | |
Leaf | 0.102 × DBH1.873 × H−0.731 | 0.8138 | 24 | 0.0735 | |
LA | 0.4040 × DBH1.4193 | 0.7501 | 24 | 0.0969 |
Stand | SF | CFP | F Values | p Values |
---|---|---|---|---|
N (trees·ha−1) | 930 ± 73 a | 1444 ± 342 a | 2.163 | 0.18 |
DBH (cm) | 22.3 ± 0.3 a | 18.5 ± 0.8 b | 20.49 | 0.002 |
H (m) | 12.0 ± 0.2 a | 12.4 ± 0.4 a | 0.686 | 0.432 |
BA (m2·ha−1) | 31.5 ± 2.1 a | 33.1 ± 6.5 a | 0.053 | 0.824 |
Volume (m3·ha−1) | 219.5 ± 14.8 a | 205.0 ± 37.5 a | 0.129 | 0.728 |
LAI (m2·m−2) | 7.4 ± 0.5 a | 5.3 ± 1.0 a | 3.538 | 0.097 |
Bulk density (g·cm−3) | 1.11 ± 0.03 a | 1.23 ± 0.01 b | 10.737 | 0.011 |
Nitrogen (mg·g−1) | 2.10 ± 0.54 a | 1.33 ± 0.10 a | 1.929 | 0.202 |
Porosity (%) | 37.48 ± 1.99 a | 42.78 ± 1.90 a | 3.604 | 0.094 |
Soil type | Alfisol | Alfisol | 2.163 | 0.18 |
Soil texture | Silty clay loam | Silty clay loam | 20.49 | 0.002 |
Forest Type | Location | Species | Mean Age (Years) | Soil Depth (cm) | Soil/Ecosystem C | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P | Global | Global forests | 30 | 100 | 51% | [36] |
NF | Global | Global forests | - | 100 | 45% | [36] |
P | Template China | Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica | 15 | 60 | 75% | [44] |
P | Template China | Populus simonii | 15 | 60 | 37% | [44] |
MPNF | China | Deciduous forests | - | 100 | 69% | [45] |
MPNF | China | Evergreen forests | - | 100 | 48% | [45] |
P | Subtropical China | Erythrophleum fordii | 8 | 100 | 74% | [43] |
P | Subtropical China | Castanopsis hystrix | 8 | 100 | 79% | [43] |
P | Subtropical China | Mytilaria laosensis | 8 | 100 | 58% | [43] |
P | Subtropical China | Mixed E. fordii, C. hytrix and M. laosensis | 8 | 100 | 63% | [43] |
P | Subtropical China | Cunninghamia lanceolata | 22 | 100 | 53% | [46] |
P | Subtropical China | Cunninghamia lanceolata | 13 | 60 | 74% | [47] |
P | Subtropical China | Cunninghamia lanceolata | 15 | 60 | 62% | [48] |
MPNF | Subtropical China | Subtropical forests | - | 100 | 44% | [49] |
MPNF | Subtropical China | Subtropical forests | - | 100 | 88% | [50] |
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Fan, S.; Guan, F.; Xu, X.; Forrester, D.I.; Ma, W.; Tang, X. Ecosystem Carbon Stock Loss after Land Use Change in Subtropical Forests in China. Forests 2016, 7, 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7070142
Fan S, Guan F, Xu X, Forrester DI, Ma W, Tang X. Ecosystem Carbon Stock Loss after Land Use Change in Subtropical Forests in China. Forests. 2016; 7(7):142. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7070142
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Shaohui, Fengying Guan, Xingliang Xu, David I. Forrester, Wu Ma, and Xiaolu Tang. 2016. "Ecosystem Carbon Stock Loss after Land Use Change in Subtropical Forests in China" Forests 7, no. 7: 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7070142