Spatial Variations in Fine Root Turnover, Biomass, and Necromass of Two Vegetation Types in a Karst Ecosystem, Southwestern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Site
2.2. Sampling
- (1)
- The sequential coring
- (2)
- The ingrowth cores
2.3. Laboratory Analyses
2.4. Calculation of Turnover Rates
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Soil Nutrients
3.2. Spatial Patterns in Fine Root Turnover Rate and Related Parameters
3.3. Spatial Patterns of Living Fine Root Nutrients
3.4. Relationships between Fine Roots and Soil Characteristics
4. Discussion
4.1. Fine Root Turnover Rates in Karst Ecosystems
4.2. Variations in Fine Root Turnover with Changes in Slope Positions and Vegetation Types
4.3. Fine Root Turnover and Dynamics Related to Soil and Root Nutrients
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vegetations | Number | Altitude (m) | Slope (°) | Community Height (m) | Dominant Species |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shrubland | 15 | 280 ~ 420 | 23.2 ± 5.8 | 2.5 ± 0.2 | Vitex negundo, Croton lachnocarpus, Ligustrum sinense, Cipadessa cinerascens, Platycarya longipes |
Forest | 15 | 320 ~ 480 | 35.3 ± 6.1 | 7.4 ± 0.5 | Pteroceltis tatarinowii, Rapanea kwangsiensis, Eurycorymbus cavaleriei, Murraya exotica, Cipadessa cinerascens |
Slope Positions | Total Nitrogen (TN g kg−1) | Available Nitrogen (AN mg kg−1) | Total Phosphorus (TP g kg−1) | Available Phosphorus (AP mg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Shrubland | ||||
Upper | 7.86 ± 0.22 b | 424.92 ± 4.69 b | 1.48 ± 0.20 b | 12.18 ± 0.69 b |
Middle | 6.75 ± 0.46 b | 388.43 ± 16.25 b | 1.46 ± 0.10 b | 11.30 ± 0.46 b |
Lower | 4.34 ± 0.24 a | 358.33 ± 23.93 a | 0.96 ± 0.08 a | 4.63 ± 1.14 a |
Overall | 6.32 ± 0.43 A | 390.56 ± 11.61 A | 1.30 ± 0.10 A | 9.37 ± 1.00 A |
Forest | ||||
Upper | 13.54 ± 1.39 b | 584.23 ± 63.21 b | 1.64 ± 0.07 b | 10.50 ± 1.42 b |
Middle | 9.63 ± 2.43 b | 508.15 ± 90.28 b | 1.66 ± 0.21 b | 9.52 ± 1.67 b |
Lower | 4.70 ± 0.17 a | 314.68 ± 9.14 a | 1.14 ± 0.10 a | 4.32 ± 0.32 a |
Overall | 9.29 ± 1.30 B | 469.02 ± 45.65 B | 1.48 ± 0.10 A | 8.11 ± 1.00 A |
Response Variable | Slope Position | Vegetation | Slope Position × Vegetation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F Value | p | F Value | p | F Value | p | |
Sequential coring | ||||||
Fine root turnover rates | 1.452 | 0.239 | 0.003 | 0.957 | 0.007 | 0.935 |
Fine root production | 26.948 | <0.001 | 0.888 | 0.355 | 2.009 | 0.168 |
Fine root biomass | 19.675 | <0.001 | 0.720 | 0.404 | 2.911 | 0.099 |
Fine root necromass | 22.874 | <0.001 | 10.248 | 0.004 | 0.076 | 0.786 |
Biomass/necromass ratios | 0.473 | 0.498 | 4.540 | 0.042 | 3.182 | 0.086 |
Ingrowth cores | ||||||
Fine root turnover rates | 0.129 | 0.722 | 9.811 | 0.004 | 0.633 | 0.434 |
Fine root production | 5.094 | 0.033 | 0.496 | 0.488 | 0.637 | 0.432 |
Fine root biomass | 4.147 | 0.052 | 0.074 | 0.788 | 0.215 | 0.647 |
Fine root necromass | 4.038 | 0.055 | 5.733 | 0.025 | 1.465 | 0.237 |
Biomass/necromass ratios | 0.001 | 0.977 | 5.280 | 0.030 | 1.087 | 0.307 |
Response Variable | Slope Position | Vegetation | Slope Position × Vegetation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F Value | p | F Value | p | F Value | p | |
Sequential coring | ||||||
Fine root C concentration | 28.194 | <0.001 | 0.238 | 0.626 | 2.923 | 0.056 |
Fine root N concentration | 2.009 | 0.137 | 217.471 | <0.001 | 11.936 | <0.001 |
Fine root C:N ratios | 1.639 | 0.197 | 175.577 | <0.001 | 9.883 | <0.001 |
Ingrowth cores | ||||||
Fine root C concentration | 11.446 | <0.001 | 1.666 | 0.210 | 2.525 | 0.102 |
Fine root N concentration | 1.494 | 0.245 | 20.277 | <0.001 | 11.764 | <0.001 |
Fine root C:N ratios | 0.190 | 0.828 | 22.35 | <0.001 | 14.35 | <0.001 |
Production | Biomass | Necromass | Biomass/Necromass Ratios | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sequential coring | ||||
Turnover rates | 0.492 ** | −0.145 | 0.014 | −0.233 |
Production | – | 0.768 ** | 0.658 ** | 0.051 |
Biomass | – | – | 0.739 ** | 0.230 |
Necromass | – | – | – | −0.454 * |
Ingrowth cores | ||||
Turnover rates | 0.191 | −0.141 | 0.716 ** | −0.862 ** |
Production | – | 0.941 ** | 0.806 ** | −0.223 |
Biomass | – | – | 0.558 ** | 0.063 |
Necromass | – | – | – | −0.659 ** |
Soil TN | Soil AN | Soil TP | Soil AP | Croot | Nroot | C/N Ratios | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sequential coring | |||||||
Turnover rates | −0.110 | −0.230 | 0.290 | 0.109 | 0.182 | 0.024 | −0.011 |
Production | 0.439 * | 0.263 | 0.344 | 0.530 ** | 0.712 ** | −0.041 | 0.188 |
Biomass | 0.612 ** | 0.512 ** | 0.393 * | 0.542 ** | 0.684 ** | −0.040 | 0.197 |
Necromass | 0.318 | 0.173 | 0.315 | 0.590 ** | 0.570 ** | −0.432 * | 0.572 ** |
Biomass: Necromass ratios | 0.283 | 0.336 | 0.068 | −0.165 | 0.033 | 0.511 ** | −0.504 ** |
Ingrowth cores | |||||||
Turnover rates | −0.028 | −0.002 | 0.033 | 0.044 | −0.095 | −0.51 ** | 0.479 ** |
Production | 0.381 * | 0.252 | 0.376 * | 0.506 ** | 0.503 ** | −0.226 | 0.405 * |
Biomass | 0.468 ** | 0.324 | 0.392 * | 0.503 ** | 0.540 ** | −0.049 | 0.237 |
Necromass | 0.120 | 0.052 | 0.250 | 0.381 * | 0.290 | −0.468 * | 0.580 ** |
Biomass: Necromass ratios | 0.340 | 0.336 | 0.186 | 0.045 | 0.020 | 0.514 ** | −0.482 ** |
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Pan, F.; Qian, Q.; Liang, Y.; Wang, K.; Zhang, W. Spatial Variations in Fine Root Turnover, Biomass, and Necromass of Two Vegetation Types in a Karst Ecosystem, Southwestern China. Forests 2022, 13, 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13040611
Pan F, Qian Q, Liang Y, Wang K, Zhang W. Spatial Variations in Fine Root Turnover, Biomass, and Necromass of Two Vegetation Types in a Karst Ecosystem, Southwestern China. Forests. 2022; 13(4):611. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13040611
Chicago/Turabian StylePan, Fujing, Qian Qian, Yueming Liang, Kelin Wang, and Wei Zhang. 2022. "Spatial Variations in Fine Root Turnover, Biomass, and Necromass of Two Vegetation Types in a Karst Ecosystem, Southwestern China" Forests 13, no. 4: 611. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13040611