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Article

Is the Survivability of Silver Fir under Condition of Strong Ungulate Pressure Related to Mycobiota of Bark-Stripping Wounds?

by
Wojciech Pusz
1,
Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska
2,
Agata Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska
1,*,
Katarzyna Patejuk
1 and
Paweł Czarnota
3,4
1
Department of Plant Protection, Division of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland
2
Laboratory of Molecular Mycology, Phytopathology and Entomology, Department of Biology and Plant Protection, UTP University of Science and Technology, Aleja Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
3
Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4 Street, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
4
Scientific Laboratory of the Gorce National Park, Poręba Wielka 590, 34-735 Niedźwiedź, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Forests 2021, 12(8), 976; https://doi.org/10.3390/f12080976
Submission received: 10 June 2021 / Revised: 16 July 2021 / Accepted: 19 July 2021 / Published: 23 July 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest Health Management: Interaction between Forest Trees, Pathogens and Environment)
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Abstract

The aim of the research was to check whether the healing of bark-stripping wounds of the silver fir tree trunks reduces the share of wood-decomposing fungi, which may be the result of inter-species interactions. The study carried out in Gorce National Park in Polish Western Carpathians analyzed drill holes of sapwood from three types of wounds (fresh, healed and old) on fir trunks with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 4.0–16.9 cm as a result of bark-stripping by red deer (Cervus elaphus). In the wood of fresh wounds Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. and Arthrinium arundinis (Corda) Dyko & B. Sutton had the largest share in mycobiota. Phompsis spp. and the species Sydowia polyspora (Bref. & Tavel) E. Müll. and Epicoccum nigrum Link were also isolated. The dominants in old wounds were Eutypa spp., Phomopsis spp. and Cylindrobasidium evolvens (Fr.) Jülich. Healed wounds were dominated by Trichoderma atroviride P. Karst, a fungus antagonistic to many fungal pathogens. Such properties are shared by A. arundinis, especially common in fresh wound wood. It seems that these fungi support the process of wounded tree regeneration (healing of wounds) and limit the activity of wood-decaying fungi in old age, which makes fir survival very high. Thus, even a strong red deer pressure cannot be considered the basic factor determining the dynamics of fir in this part of the Carpathians.
Keywords: forest ecology; fungal ecology; mountain fir-spruce forest; wood decay fungi; bark stripping; Abies alba; ITS rDNA; barcoding of fungi; ungulates; red deer; Gorce National Park; Carpathians forest ecology; fungal ecology; mountain fir-spruce forest; wood decay fungi; bark stripping; Abies alba; ITS rDNA; barcoding of fungi; ungulates; red deer; Gorce National Park; Carpathians

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pusz, W.; Baturo-Cieśniewska, A.; Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska, A.; Patejuk, K.; Czarnota, P. Is the Survivability of Silver Fir under Condition of Strong Ungulate Pressure Related to Mycobiota of Bark-Stripping Wounds? Forests 2021, 12, 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12080976

AMA Style

Pusz W, Baturo-Cieśniewska A, Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska A, Patejuk K, Czarnota P. Is the Survivability of Silver Fir under Condition of Strong Ungulate Pressure Related to Mycobiota of Bark-Stripping Wounds? Forests. 2021; 12(8):976. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12080976

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pusz, Wojciech, Anna Baturo-Cieśniewska, Agata Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska, Katarzyna Patejuk, and Paweł Czarnota. 2021. "Is the Survivability of Silver Fir under Condition of Strong Ungulate Pressure Related to Mycobiota of Bark-Stripping Wounds?" Forests 12, no. 8: 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12080976

APA Style

Pusz, W., Baturo-Cieśniewska, A., Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska, A., Patejuk, K., & Czarnota, P. (2021). Is the Survivability of Silver Fir under Condition of Strong Ungulate Pressure Related to Mycobiota of Bark-Stripping Wounds? Forests, 12(8), 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12080976

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