Weather–Growth Responses Show Differing Adaptability of Scots Pine Provenances in the South-Eastern Parts of Baltic Sea Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Trials, Provenances, and Measurements
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Local Linear Weather–Growth Relationships
3.2. Regional Nonlinear Responses
4. Discussion
4.1. Plasticity of Growth Responses
4.2. Regional Weather Drivers of Radial Growth
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LI | ZV | KA | WS | NL | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vicinity | Liepaja (Latvia) | Zvirgzde (Latvia) | Kalsnava (Latvia) | Waldsieversdorf (Germany) | Nedlitz (Germany) |
Latitude, °N | 56.45 | 56.65 | 56.8 | 52.53 | 52.02 |
Longitude, °E | 21.63 | 24.37 | 25.93 | 14.05 | 12.33 |
Elevation, m a.s.l. | 15 | 50 | 220 | 60 | 115 |
Annual temperature | 7.5 ± 0.6 | 7.2 ± 0.7 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 9.2 ± 0.7 | 9.6 ± 0.6 |
May–September temperature | 15.0 ± 0.7 | 15.2 ± 0.8 | 14.8 ± 0.8 | 16.2 ± 0.7 | 16.6 ± 0.07 |
January temperature | −1.9 ± 2.4 | −3 ± 2.6 | −4.2 ± 2.7 | 0.1 ± 2.5 | 0.4 ± 2.4 |
July temperature | 17.8 ± 1.6 | 18.2 ± 1.6 | 17.9 ± 1.6 | 18.7 ± 1.6 | 19.3 ± 1.7 |
Annual precipitation sum | 789 ± 91 | 659 ± 75 | 689 ± 81 | 568 ± 80 | 662 ± 73 |
May–September precipitation sum | 353 ± 71 | 333 ± 63 | 349 ± 66 | 290 ± 66 | 294 ± 59 |
Dippoldiswalde (DIP) | Eibenstock (EBN) | Kalsnava (KAL) | Güstrow (GUS) | Rytel (RYT) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Latitude, °N | 50.82 | 50.45 | 56.7 | 53.75 | 53.67 |
Longitude, °E | 13.87 | 12.43 | 25.9 | 12.25 | 18.02 |
Elevation, m a.s.l. | 590 | 710 | 190 | 25 | 130 |
Annual temperature, °C | 6.6 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 8 | 7.9 |
Temperature May–September, °C | 13.1 | 12.5 | 14.6 | 14.8 | 15 |
Temperature Jan, °C | −2.5 | −3.1 | −4.3 | −0.9 | −1.4 |
Temperature Jul, °C | 15.3 | 14.8 | 18.0 | 16.8 | 17.2 |
Annual precipitation, mm | 809 | 993 | 650 | 586 | 597 |
Precipitation May–September, mm | 405 | 501 | 340 | 303 | 301 |
Trial | Provenance | N | TRW | r-bar | GINI | AC1 | SENS | SNR | EPS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LI | DIP | 12 | 2.58 ± 1.57 | 0.44 | 0.34 | 0.79 | 0.24 | 11.36 | 0.92 |
LI | EBN | 11 | 2.87 ± 1.32 | 0.36 | 0.25 | 0.80 | 0.20 | 7.69 | 0.88 |
LI | GUS | 11 | 3.30 ± 1.62 | 0.36 | 0.27 | 0.78 | 0.19 | 7.65 | 0.88 |
LI | KAL | 12 | 3.07 ± 1.45 | 0.33 | 0.25 | 0.78 | 0.19 | 7.28 | 0.88 |
LI | RYT | 12 | 3.38 ± 1.74 | 0.37 | 0.27 | 0.82 | 0.19 | 8.78 | 0.90 |
ZV | DIP | 9 | 2.00 ± 1.06 | 0.43 | 0.30 | 0.77 | 0.23 | 9.04 | 0.90 |
ZV | EBN | 9 | 2.11 ± 1.19 | 0.41 | 0.31 | 0.79 | 0.23 | 8.39 | 0.89 |
ZV | GUS | 10 | 2.45 ± 1.11 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.80 | 0.19 | 8.58 | 0.90 |
ZV | KAL | 10 | 2.25 ± 1.01 | 0.41 | 0.25 | 0.77 | 0.21 | 9.14 | 0.90 |
ZV | RYT | 10 | 2.86 ± 1.25 | 0.38 | 0.23 | 0.68 | 0.22 | 7.84 | 0.89 |
KA | DIP | 10 | 2.02 ± 0.94 | 0.34 | 0.27 | 0.77 | 0.23 | 6.76 | 0.87 |
KA | EBN | 13 | 2.02 ± 1.02 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.78 | 0.24 | 10.26 | 0.91 |
KA | GUS | 12 | 2.37 ± 0.97 | 0.42 | 0.23 | 0.74 | 0.22 | 10.88 | 0.92 |
KA | KAL | 14 | 2.36 ± 0.90 | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.70 | 0.21 | 9.87 | 0.91 |
KA | RYT | 12 | 2.77 ± 1.00 | 0.44 | 0.20 | 0.75 | 0.19 | 11.50 | 0.92 |
NL | DIP | 12 | 2.21 ± 0.98 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.58 | 0.26 | 6.19 | 0.86 |
NL | EBN | 13 | 2.09 ± 0.84 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 8.48 | 0.90 |
NL | GUS | 13 | 2.33 ± 0.89 | 0.37 | 0.20 | 0.59 | 0.25 | 9.24 | 0.90 |
NL | KAL | 13 | 2.07 ± 0.74 | 0.37 | 0.19 | 0.46 | 0.27 | 9.55 | 0.90 |
NL | RYT | 15 | 2.55 ± 0.75 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.45 | 0.23 | 10.60 | 0.91 |
WS | DIP | 13 | 2.18 ± 1.22 | 0.46 | 0.27 | 0.52 | 0.30 | 13.43 | 0.93 |
WS | EBN | 12 | 2.22 ± 1.10 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.48 | 0.31 | 11.53 | 0.92 |
WS | GUS | 15 | 2.35 ± 1.04 | 0.55 | 0.22 | 0.52 | 0.27 | 21.88 | 0.96 |
WS | KAL | 12 | 2.27 ± 1.04 | 0.53 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.30 | 16.76 | 0.94 |
WS | RYT | 16 | 2.36 ± 0.91 | 0.48 | 0.20 | 0.45 | 0.26 | 17.45 | 0.95 |
DIP | EBN | KAL | RYT | GUS | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed effects, effective degree of freedom and F-value | |||||
Temp. prev. June | 1.00 (30.6) *** | 1.00 (31.2) *** | 1.76 (10.46) *** | 1.78 (7.5) *** | 1.00 (10.45) ** |
Temp. March | 1.57 (3.1) | 1.00 (5.06) * | 1.00 (3.57) | 1.47 (4.78) * | 1.00 (7.28) ** |
Temp. May | 1.89 (9.29) ** | 1.94 (14.28) *** | 1.94 (17.44) *** | 1.93 (11.23) *** | 1.96 (20.94) *** |
Temp. July | 1.35 (10.02) *** | 1.91 (8.34) *** | 1.62 (5.30) ** | 1.89 (10.03) ** | 1.96 (16.08) *** |
Prec. prev. August | 1.27 (20.56) *** | 1.63 (8.45) ** | 1.00 (10.41) ** | 1.80 (13.59) *** | 1.00 (18.89) *** |
Prec. prev. December | 1.92 (7.34) ** | 1.11 (1.32) | 1.85 (9.49) ** | 1.62 (6.37) * | 1.89 (8.02) ** |
SPEI. May | 1.90 (12.64) *** | 1.28 (9.36) ** | 1.00 (15.16) *** | 1.66 (38.78) *** | 1.00 (29.02) *** |
SPEI. June | 1.69 (1.69) | 1.87 (3.38) | 1.92 (6.99) ** | 1.93 (12.99) *** | 1.94 (19.08) *** |
SPEI. July | 1.51 (8.09) * | 1.00 (13.5) *** | 1.00 (10.39) ** | 1.00 (31.23) *** | 1.66 (21.33) *** |
Random effects, variance | |||||
Year | 2.03 × 10−3 | 1.00 × 10−6 | 3.24 × 10−4 | 1.21 × 10−4 | 6.25 × 10−4 |
Trial | 7.94 × 10−3 | 1.02 × 10−2 | 8.10 × 10−3 | 7.06 × 10−3 | 7.92 × 10−3 |
Replication | 1.00 × 10−6 | 1.00 × 10−6 | 1.00 × 10−6 | 1.00 × 10−6 | 1.00 × 10−6 |
Tree | 3.39 × 10−2 | 2.92 × 10−2 | 3.88 × 10−2 | 2.13 × 10−2 | 2.31 × 10−2 |
Residual | 3.60 × 10−5 | 1.21 × 10−4 | 2.50 × 10−5 | 4.90 × 10−5 | 4.00 × 10−6 |
Model performance | |||||
Adjusted R2 | 0.28 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.30 |
RMSE | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
RMSE (verification) | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
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Matisons, R.; Jansone, D.; Bāders, E.; Dubra, S.; Zeltiņš, P.; Schneck, V.; Jansons, Ā. Weather–Growth Responses Show Differing Adaptability of Scots Pine Provenances in the South-Eastern Parts of Baltic Sea Region. Forests 2021, 12, 1641. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121641
Matisons R, Jansone D, Bāders E, Dubra S, Zeltiņš P, Schneck V, Jansons Ā. Weather–Growth Responses Show Differing Adaptability of Scots Pine Provenances in the South-Eastern Parts of Baltic Sea Region. Forests. 2021; 12(12):1641. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121641
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatisons, Roberts, Diāna Jansone, Endijs Bāders, Stefānija Dubra, Pauls Zeltiņš, Volker Schneck, and Āris Jansons. 2021. "Weather–Growth Responses Show Differing Adaptability of Scots Pine Provenances in the South-Eastern Parts of Baltic Sea Region" Forests 12, no. 12: 1641. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121641