Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal of Endangered Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. with Ex-Situ and In-Situ Conservation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Species and Sites
2.2. Seed Dispersal in In-Situ and Ex-Situ Sites
2.3. Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal in In-Situ and Ex-Situ Sites
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sites | Number of Bird Species | Mean Visitation Frequency | Mean Number of Seed Removal | Total Number of Seed Removal |
---|---|---|---|---|
In-situ forest | 12 | 11.00 ± 1.98 | 121.42 ± 28.55 | 4371 |
Ex-situ forest | 7 | 87.81 ± 33.91 | 477.62 ± 176.34 | 10,030 |
Parameter | Estimate | Standard Error | Z | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
Effects of bird traits on seed deposition | ||||
Intercept | 4.820 | 0.950 | 5.073 | 3.92e−7 |
Frequency of habitat use | 0.018 | 0.002 | 9.232 | <2e−16 *** |
Wing length | −0.027 | 0.009 | −2.992 | 0.003 ** |
Habitat use by Urocissa erythrorhyncha | 2.472 | 0.850 | 2.908 | 0.004 ** |
Sites | −0.240 | 0.100 | −2.396 | 0.016 * |
Random effects | ||||
Groups | Variance | Std. Dev. | ||
Years | 0.004 | 0.061 | ||
Effects of bird traits on seedling recruitment | ||||
Intercept | −2.305 | 2.257 | −1.021 | 0.307 |
Number of deposited seeds | 0.024 | 0.012 | 2.124 | 0.034 * |
Habitat use by Chloropsis hardwickii | 0.846 | 0.374 | 2.263 | 0.023 * |
Sites | 0.033 | 0.271 | 0.125 | 0.901 |
Random effects | ||||
Groups | Variance | Std. Dev. | ||
Years | 0 | 0 |
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Share and Cite
Li, N.; Wang, Z.; Li, X.-H.; Yi, X.-F.; Yan, C.; Lu, C.-H.; Chen, S.-C. Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal of Endangered Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. with Ex-Situ and In-Situ Conservation. Forests 2019, 10, 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090790
Li N, Wang Z, Li X-H, Yi X-F, Yan C, Lu C-H, Chen S-C. Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal of Endangered Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. with Ex-Situ and In-Situ Conservation. Forests. 2019; 10(9):790. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090790
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Ning, Zheng Wang, Xin-Hai Li, Xian-Feng Yi, Chuan Yan, Chang-Hu Lu, and Si-Chong Chen. 2019. "Effects of Bird Traits on Seed Dispersal of Endangered Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. with Ex-Situ and In-Situ Conservation" Forests 10, no. 9: 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10090790