Forest Dynamics and Their Phenological Response to Climate Warming in the Khingan Mountains, Northeastern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. MODIS Imagery
2.3. Meteorological Data
2.4. Phenological Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Vegetation and Phenology Change of DBF
Variables | Negative trends | Positive trends | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SA | 13.38 a | 75.32 | 0.93 a | 24.68 | 14.31 a | 100 |
SI | 7.99 a | 66.39 | 1.86 a | 33.61 | 9.85 a | 100 |
SOS | 1.93 a | 70.81 | 0.3 a | 29.19 | 2.23 a | 100 |
LOS | 1.16 a | 39.99 | 3.74 a | 60.01 | 4.90 a | 100 |
3.2. The Impact of Temperature on Phenology Change
3.2.1. The Temperature Change in Khingan Mountains
Classes | Slope | R2 | p | Number of stations | Elevation (m) | Latitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class1 | 0.245 | 0.55 | 0.022 a | 15 | 0–400 | 45°N–49°N |
Class2 | 0.228 | 0.56 | 0.021 a | 8 | 0–400 | 49°N–54°N |
Class3 | 0.215 | 0.53 | 0.025 a | 4 | 400–1,200 | 45°N–49°N |
Class4 | 0.209 | 0.51 | 0.032 a | 5 | 400–1,200 | 49°N–54°N |
Total stations | 0.227 | 0.53 | 0.027 a | 32 | 0–1,200 | 45°N–54°N |
3.2.2. Statistical Patterns of Relationships between Phenology and Temperature
3.2.3. The Effects of Temperature Gradients in Relation to Elevation
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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Cai, H.; Zhang, S.; Yang, X. Forest Dynamics and Their Phenological Response to Climate Warming in the Khingan Mountains, Northeastern China. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2012, 9, 3943-3953. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9113943
Cai H, Zhang S, Yang X. Forest Dynamics and Their Phenological Response to Climate Warming in the Khingan Mountains, Northeastern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2012; 9(11):3943-3953. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9113943
Chicago/Turabian StyleCai, Hongyan, Shuwen Zhang, and Xiaohuan Yang. 2012. "Forest Dynamics and Their Phenological Response to Climate Warming in the Khingan Mountains, Northeastern China" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 9, no. 11: 3943-3953. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9113943