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Volume 22
Issue 9
10.3390/ijerph22091338
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Sleep Characteristics and Prevalence of Perceived Insufficient Sleep Across Age Groups in the Japanese Community-Based General Population: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Daiko Study

by
Emi Morita
1,2,*,
Hiroshi Kadotani
3,
Naoto Yamada
3,4,
Yoko Mitsuda
5,
Takashi Tamura
5 and
Kenji Wakai
5
1
International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
2
Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Forest Research and Management Organization, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba 305-8687, Ibaraki, Japan
3
Department of Psychiatry, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu 520-2192, Shiga, Japan
4
Kanbayashi Memorial Hospital, 89-1 Orikuchinishi, Oku-cho, Ichinomiya 491-0201, Aichi, Japan
5
Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Aichi, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(9), 1338; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091338
Submission received: 26 February 2025 / Revised: 24 July 2025 / Accepted: 1 August 2025 / Published: 27 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring the Link—Better Sleep Equals Better Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study aimed to provide basic data according to age on objective sleep duration distribution and sleep characteristics via subjectivity, and to determine the prevalence of insufficient sleep and related sleep parameters in the general Japanese population. Data from the second survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Cohort (J-MICC) Daiko Study were used for the analysis, with 2091 participants (1556 women; 58.6 ± 9.8 years old) included. Questionnaires included subjective sleep duration, perceived sufficiency, regularity, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Sleep measurements were taken via actigraphy for one week. In total, 247 (11.8%) respondents reported insufficient sleep and 953 (45.6%) reported somewhat insufficient sleep. Working-age adults had shorter subjective and measured sleep durations than those aged ≥ 60 years. About 20% of those aged ≥ 50 years and more than 30% of those aged < 50 years reported ≥ 2 h of sleep deprivation. Perceived insufficient sleep was associated with irregular sleep but not sleep efficiency or sleep latency. Additionally, sleep duration perceived as insufficient varied among individuals. Individual differences in sleep duration and sleep efficiency were greater than those based on age. In conclusion, implementing measures to address sleep deprivation in Japan’s working-age population are essential, and future epidemiological studies should consider individual differences.
Keywords: sleep duration; general population; actigraphy; sleep deprivation; individual differences; prevalence; chronotype sleep duration; general population; actigraphy; sleep deprivation; individual differences; prevalence; chronotype

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MDPI and ACS Style

Morita, E.; Kadotani, H.; Yamada, N.; Mitsuda, Y.; Tamura, T.; Wakai, K. Sleep Characteristics and Prevalence of Perceived Insufficient Sleep Across Age Groups in the Japanese Community-Based General Population: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Daiko Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091338

AMA Style

Morita E, Kadotani H, Yamada N, Mitsuda Y, Tamura T, Wakai K. Sleep Characteristics and Prevalence of Perceived Insufficient Sleep Across Age Groups in the Japanese Community-Based General Population: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Daiko Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(9):1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091338

Chicago/Turabian Style

Morita, Emi, Hiroshi Kadotani, Naoto Yamada, Yoko Mitsuda, Takashi Tamura, and Kenji Wakai. 2025. "Sleep Characteristics and Prevalence of Perceived Insufficient Sleep Across Age Groups in the Japanese Community-Based General Population: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Daiko Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 9: 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091338

APA Style

Morita, E., Kadotani, H., Yamada, N., Mitsuda, Y., Tamura, T., & Wakai, K. (2025). Sleep Characteristics and Prevalence of Perceived Insufficient Sleep Across Age Groups in the Japanese Community-Based General Population: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Daiko Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(9), 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22091338

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