Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy in the Philippines: A Content Analysis of Comments on National TV Channel YouTube Videos
Abstract
1. Introduction
- RQ1: Do vaccine-hesitant posts receive a higher engagement level?
- RQ2: What themes are more frequently used in vaccine-hesitant posts?
- RQ3: Do vaccine-hesitant posts use more sources than vaccine-supportive posts? What sources are most frequently used by vaccine-hesitant posts?
- RQ4: Are there differences in the public discourse of vaccine-hesitant posts and those promoting vaccination? What are the most frequent discourses used by vaccine-hesitant posts?
- RQ5: What are the most frequently referred mentions in the posts?
2. Methodology
- CNN Philippines video: titled “Vaccination starts today with arrival of first vaccines” [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDSXIANZ9KY], last accessed date (20 April 2025).
- GMA News video: titled “24 Oras” [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qADjU3JpRQ&t=0s], last accessed date (25 November 2021).
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sources of information |
|
Tone towards vaccination |
|
Themes of messages comments |
|
Vaccine-hesitant comments |
|
Public discourse classification |
|
Vaccine Hesitancy | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
Engagement level | 0 | 450 | 128 | 578 |
1–2 | 60 | 11 | 71 | |
3–4 | 37 | 3 | 40 | |
5–10 | 28 | 3 | 31 | |
11–94 | 18 | 3 | 21 | |
Total | 593 | 148 | 741 |
N (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Themes | Ingredients of vaccines | 182 (25) |
Health dept. control | 156 (21) | |
Pharma interests | 144 (20) | |
Adverse effects | 128 (18) | |
Low risk | 33 (5) | |
Economic interest | 32 (4) | |
Religion | 22 (3) | |
Conspiracies | 14 (2) | |
Development speed | 10 (1) | |
Population control | 9 (1) | |
Total | 730 |
Hesitant N (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Sources | Scientist | 5 (4) |
Politician | 25 (19) | |
Clinician | 13 (10) | |
Scientific paper | 10 (8) | |
Websites | 5 (4) | |
Pharma/company | 1 (1) | |
Users | 41 (31) | |
Others | 32 (24) | |
Total | 132 (100) |
Hesitant N (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Discourse | Negationist | 136 (16) |
Institutional | 116 (14) | |
Preventive | 82 (10) | |
Politics | 81 (9) | |
Questioning | 61 (7) | |
Pharmaceutic | 57 (7) | |
Contradiction | 53 (6) | |
Fear | 50 (6) | |
Humor/Ironic | 45 (5) | |
Scientific | 41 (5) | |
Gratitude | 39 (5) | |
Protest | 32 (4) | |
Economic | 20 (2) | |
Motivational | 16 (2) | |
Truth | 13 (2) | |
Volunteering | 11 (1) | |
Hope | 2 (0.5) | |
Total | 855 |
Category | Name | N |
---|---|---|
Government | Duque President Duterte Vice president, Galvez Department of Health, Politician, Senators, VP Robredo, Indonesian President Congress, Roque, Govt. Officials, President of Turkey, Malacanang, Marcos, Leni, Sinas | 28 18 17 4 2 1 |
Anonymous | Military police Aileen Siaboc, angel of death, Bishop priest, Lorenzana, Kun Chi, Levy, Susan Militante | 2 1 |
Country | China EU, US | 4 1 |
Healthcare services | Pharma industry, Director of PGH, Clinician | 1 |
Religious group | Religious group | 1 |
Total | 108 |
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Share and Cite
Silvallana, D.F.; Elias, C.; Catalan-Matamoros, D. Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy in the Philippines: A Content Analysis of Comments on National TV Channel YouTube Videos. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060819
Silvallana DF, Elias C, Catalan-Matamoros D. Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy in the Philippines: A Content Analysis of Comments on National TV Channel YouTube Videos. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(6):819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060819
Chicago/Turabian StyleSilvallana, Daniel Fritz, Carlos Elias, and Daniel Catalan-Matamoros. 2025. "Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy in the Philippines: A Content Analysis of Comments on National TV Channel YouTube Videos" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 6: 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060819
APA StyleSilvallana, D. F., Elias, C., & Catalan-Matamoros, D. (2025). Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy in the Philippines: A Content Analysis of Comments on National TV Channel YouTube Videos. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(6), 819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060819