Supervised Home-Based Exercise Intervention in Colorectal Cancer Patients Following Surgery: A Feasibility Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. The Primary Objective of the Study
1.2. Secondary Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the effects of physical exercise on patients’ functional capacity, physical performance, muscle strength, muscle mass, nutritional and hydration status, body composition, levels of anxiety and depression, and sleep quality in the intervention group (IG) compared to the control group (CG) at the different follow-up times (T1, T2, T3).
- To assess the above-mentioned outcomes within the IG and CG at each follow-up time point (T1, T2, T3) compared to baseline.
- To evaluate the incidence and types of postoperative complications within the IG and CG.
- To assess the feasibility and safety of the physical exercise intervention within the context of the clinical study, including recruitment rates, adherence to the protocol, intervention tolerability, and incidence of adverse events.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Eligibility Criteria and Enrollment
2.3. Intervention Group (Supervised and Home-Based Exercise)
2.4. Control Group
2.5. Outcome Measures
2.5.1. Primary Outcome Measures
2.5.2. Secondary Outcome Measures
- Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT): Functional capacity was measured through the 6MWT, a validated test that measures the maximum distance walked in six minutes, reflecting submaximal physical exercise capacity [29].
- Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB): Physical performance was evaluated using the SPPB [30].
- Phase Angle (PhA): Nutritional status was assessed using the phase angle (PhA) derived from BIA parameters. PhA serves as an indicator of cellular health and integrity and is a prognostic marker in cancer patients [37].
- Body composition: In addition to data on the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI) and Phase Angle (PhA), body composition was assessed using BIA, analyzing parameters such as Resistance (Rz), Reactance (Xc), Fat-Free Mass (FFM), Fat Mass (FM), Total Body Water (TBW), Extracellular Water (ECW), Body Cell Mass (BCM), Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM), Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass (ASMM), Fat Mass Percentage (FMpct), Fat-Free Mass Percentage (FFMpct), Fat Mass Index (FMI), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), Hydration and Nutritional Status, along with additional parameters, providing a comprehensive overview of the patients’ health status.
- Anxiety and Depression: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression levels [38].
- Post-Operative Complications: Surgical complications were classified using the Dindo-Clavien classification, with grades ranging from I (bed rest) to IV (intensive care) [41].
3. Statistical Methods
4. Results
4.1. Primary Outcome—EORTC QLQ-C30
4.2. Secondary Outcomes
4.3. Feasibility and Safety of the Study
4.4. Postoperative Complications
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Intervention Group (IG) n = 13 | Control Group (CG) n = 10 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years)—median (range) | 65.0 (56.0–80.0) | 74.5 (71.0–78.0) | 0.580 |
Gender—n. (%) | |||
Male | 8 (61.5) | 6 (60.0) | |
Female | 5 (38.5) | 4 (40.0) | |
BMI—median (range) | 22.7 (20.1–25.7) | 26.25 (24.2–28.3) | 0.151 |
Type of neoplasm—n. (%) | |||
Colon | 10 (76.9) | 7 (70.0) | |
Rectum | 3 (23.1) | 3 (30.0) | |
TNM staging—n. (%) | |||
IIA | 2 (15.4) | 2 (20.0) | |
IIB | 4 (30.8) | 2 (20.0) | |
IIIB | 7 (53.8) | 6 (60.0) | |
Type of resection—n. (%) | |||
Colon | 10 (76.9) | 7 (70.0) | |
Rectum | 3 (23.1) | 3 (30.0) | |
New stoma—n. (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Chemotherapy—n. (%) | 9 (69.2) | 5 (50.0) |
Variables | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Between Analysis | ||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
Quality of life | 0.169 | 0.155 | 0.291 | 0.686 |
Physical functioning | 0.732 | 0.068 | 0.006 | 0.558 |
Role functioning | 0.574 | 0.007 | 0.129 | 0.260 |
Emotional functioning | 0.365 | 0.410 | 0.678 | 0.751 |
Cognitive functioning | 0.116 | 0.013 | 0.882 | 0.822 |
Social functioning | 0.156 | 0.324 | 0.295 | 0.410 |
Fatigue | 0.998 | 0.004 | 0.770 | 0.529 |
Nausea and vomiting | 0.380 | 0.492 | 0.350 | 0.399 |
Pain | 0.633 | 0.122 | 0.299 | 0.672 |
Dyspnea | 0.748 | 0.525 | 0.171 | 0.143 |
Insomnia | 0.917 | 0.567 | 0.507 | 0.265 |
Appetite loss | 0.690 | 0.561 | 0.171 | 0.713 |
Constipation | 0.454 | 0.142 | 0.507 | 0.998 |
Diarrhea | 0.823 | 0.782 | 0.562 | 0.412 |
Financial difficulties | 0.862 | 0.258 | 0.507 | 0.338 |
Variables (Median, Range) | Intervention Group (IG) | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within IG | |||||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T0–T1 | T0–T2 | T0–T3 | |
* Quality of life | 66.7 | 70.85 | 83.3 | 83.3 | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.014 |
(33.3–83.3) | (58.3–100.0) | (67.0–92.0) | (67.0–100.0) | ||||
* Physical functioning | 93 | 90.15 | 96.6 | 93.3 | 0.021 | 0.018 | 0.161 |
(60.0–100.0) | (80.0–100.0) | (87.0–100.0) | (87.0–100.0) | ||||
* Role functioning | 75.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.007 | 0.043 | 0.012 |
(34.0–100.0) | (83.3–100.0) | (83.3–100.0) | (100.0–100.0) | ||||
* Emotional functioning | 87.8 | 95.8 | 87.5 | 91.7 | 0.041 | 0.173 | 0.046 |
(42.0–93.0) | (75.0–100.0) | (67.0–100.0) | (83.0–100.0) | ||||
* Cognitive functioning | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.498 | 1.000 | 0.715 |
(83.0–100.0) | (83.0–100.0) | (83.0–100.0) | (83.0–100.0) | ||||
* Social functioning | 75.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.065 | 0.026 | 0.011 |
(50.0–100.0) | (66.7–100.0) | (83.0–100.0) | (100.0–100.0) | ||||
** Fatigue | 33.3 | 22.2 | 11.0 | 11.1 | 0.054 | 0.080 | 0.011 |
(0.0–44.4) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.0) | (0.0–33.0) | ||||
** Nausea and vomiting | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.102 | 0.180 | 0.465 |
(0.0–33.3) | (0.0–16.6) | (0.0–0.0) | (0.0–17.0) | ||||
** Pain | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.030 | 0.334 | 0.031 |
(0.0–33.3) | (0.0–16.7) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–17.0) | ||||
** Dyspnea | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.102 | 0.180 | 0.157 |
(0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–0.0) | (0.0–0.0) | ||||
** Insomnia | 53.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.170 | 0.059 | 0.015 |
(0.0–66.7) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | ||||
** Appetite loss | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.072 | 0.102 | 0.121 |
(0.0–66.7) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–0.0) | (0.0–33.0) | ||||
** Constipation | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.096 | 0.317 | 0.131 |
(0.0–33.3) | (0.0–0.0) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | ||||
** Diarrhea | 33.3 | 16.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.655 | 0.180 | 0.480 |
(0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | ||||
** Financial Difficulties | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.157 | 0.998 | 0.317 |
(0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) |
Variables (Median, Range) | Control Group (CG) | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within CG | |||||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T0–T1 | T0–T2 | T0–T3 | |
* Quality of life | 66.7 | 58.3 | 66.7 | 75.0 | 0.345 | 0.500 | 0.223 |
(33.3–91.7) | (33.3–91.7) | (17.0–92.0) | (33.0–100.0) | ||||
* Physical functioning | 87 | 80.0 | 73.3 | 87.0 | 0.059 | 0.225 | 0.465 |
(53.3–93.3) | (53.33–87.0) | (53.0–87.0) | (53.0–100.0) | ||||
* Role functioning | 50.0 | 83.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.093 | 0.043 | 0.028 |
(0.0–100.0) | (33.3–84.0) | (33.3–100.0) | (33.0–100.0) | ||||
* Emotional functioning | 66.7 | 75.0 | 91.7 | 87.0 | 0.713 | 0.041 | 0.345 |
(41.7–83.3) | (41.7–91.7) | (42.0–100.0) | (42.0–100.0) | ||||
* Cognitive functioning | 83.3 | 83.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 0.276 | 0.066 | 0.066 |
(66.7–100.0) | (66.6–100.0) | (67.0–100.0) | (67.0–100.0) | ||||
* Social functioning | 100.0 | 66.7 | 85.0 | 100.0 | 0.588 | 0.500 | 0.017 |
(33.3–100.0) | (50.0–100.0) | (67.0–100.0) | (66.7–100.0) | ||||
** Fatigue | 44.4 | 44.4 | 22.2 | 33.0 | 0.285 | 0.046 | 0.080 |
(22.0–77.8) | (33.3–77.8) | (11.0–78.0) | (0.0–78.0) | ||||
** Nausea and vomiting | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.998 | 0.317 | 0.785 |
(0.0–33.3) | (0.0–16.6) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.0) | ||||
** Pain | 33.3 | 16.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.273 | 0.074 | 0.066 |
(0.0–66.7) | (0.0–50.0) | (0.0–50.0) | (0.0–17.0) | ||||
** Dyspnea | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.180 | 0.083 | 0.317 |
(0.0–100.0) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–66.7) | (0.0–67.0) | ||||
** Insomnia | 33.3 | 33.3 | 0.0 | 33.3 | 0.998 | 0.246 | 0.998 |
(0.0–66.7) | (0.0–66.7) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–67.0) | ||||
** Appetite loss | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.371 | 0.705 | 0.157 |
(0.0–100.0) | (0.0–100.0) | (0.0–100.0) | (0.0–100.0) | ||||
** Constipation | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.655 | 0.593 | 0.998 |
(0.0–66.7) | (0.0–0.0) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | ||||
** Diarrhea | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.317 | 0.655 | 0.317 |
(0.0–0.0) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–33.3) | (0.0–66.6) | ||||
** Financial difficulties | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.317 | 0.157 | 0.285 |
(0.0–33.3) | (0.0–66.7) | (0.0–33.0) | (0.0–33.0) |
Variables | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Between Analysis | ||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
6MWT (m) | 0.078 | 0.002 | 0.012 | 0.003 |
SPPB | 0.752 | 0.003 | 0.006 | 0.006 |
Handgrip Strength Test (kg) | 0.901 | 0.885 | 0.309 | 0.512 |
HADS Anxiety scale | 0.596 | 0.215 | 0.640 | 0.370 |
HADS Depression scale | 0.950 | 0.636 | 0.380 | 0.528 |
PSQI | 0.332 | 0.440 | 0.254 | 0.752 |
Variables | p-Value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Between Analysis | ||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | |
Rz | 0.616 | 0.242 | 0.280 | 0.258 |
Xc | 0.973 | 0.938 | 0.817 | 0.671 |
FFM | 0.483 | 0.102 | 0.537 | 0.480 |
TBW | 0.570 | 0.119 | 0.537 | 0.479 |
ECW | 0.462 | 0.310 | 0.998 | 0.887 |
BCM | 0.973 | 0.243 | 0.440 | 0.396 |
FM | 0.285 | 0.484 | 0.487 | 0.777 |
PA | 0.867 | 0.309 | 0.089 | 0.670 |
NaK | 0.370 | 0.936 | 0.449 | 0.821 |
FMpct | 0.151 | 0.585 | 0.216 | 0.203 |
FFMpct | 0.151 | 0.585 | 0.216 | 0.203 |
TBWpct | 0.171 | 0.755 | 0.280 | 0.321 |
ECWpct | 0.894 | 0.309 | 0.089 | 0.777 |
ICWpct | 0.894 | 0.309 | 0.089 | 0.777 |
MM | 0.920 | 0.243 | 0.440 | 0.357 |
MMpct | 0.133 | 0.640 | 0.643 | 0.888 |
BM | 0.963 | 0.243 | 0.440 | 0.396 |
BCMI | 0.593 | 0.160 | 0.188 | 0.179 |
Hydration | 0.737 | 0.814 | 0.436 | 0.998 |
Nutrition | 0.815 | 0.186 | 0.355 | 0.322 |
SMI | 0.688 | 0.185 | 0.247 | 0.228 |
SMM | 0.920 | 0.243 | 0.440 | 0.357 |
ASMM | 0.504 | 0.185 | 0.537 | 0.479 |
FMI | 0.191 | 0.533 | 0.757 | 0.776 |
FFMI | 0.332 | 0.139 | 0.279 | 0.179 |
SPA | 0.896 | 0.938 | 0.246 | 0.777 |
Variables (Median, Range) | Intervention Group (IG) | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within IG | |||||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T0–T1 | T0–T2 | T0–T3 | |
6MWT (m) | 490.0 | 590 | 572.5 | 580 | 0.021 | 0.091 | 0.021 |
(360–685) | (360–815) | (445–815) | (445–750) | ||||
SPPB | 10.5 | 11.00 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 0.007 | 0.034 | 0.018 |
(7.0–12.0) | (10.0–12.0) | (10.0–12.0) | (10.0–12.0) | ||||
Handgrip Strength Test (kg) | 57.3 | 57.05 | 56.65 | 55.5 | 0.059 | 0.374 | 0.333 |
(28.3–61.7) | (28.3–61.5) | (37–62.0) | (38.6–65.3) | ||||
HADS—Anxiety | 4.5 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 0.028 | 0.414 | 0.015 |
(3.0–9.0) | (0.0–8.0) | (2.0–9.0) | (1.0–5.0) | ||||
HADS—Depression | 3.0 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 0.697 | 0.673 | 0.017 |
(2.0–9.0) | (1.0–10.0) | (0.0–16.0) | (1.0–3.0) | ||||
PSQI | 7.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 0.006 | 0.058 | 0.084 |
(2.0–11.0) | (3.0–7.0) | (1.0–7.0) | (3.0–6.0) |
Variables (Median, Range) | Intervention Group (IG) | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within IG | |||||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T0–T1 | T0–T2 | T0–T3 | |
Rz | 523.0 | 506.2 | 486.6 | 507.7 | 0.062 | 0.066 | 0.203 |
(478.1–583) | (436.8–557.0) | (453.0–557.0) | (493.8–561) | ||||
Xc | 49.6 | 51.25 | 49.5 | 53.6 | 0.013 | 0.326 | 0.173 |
(41.0–56.3) | (44.0–60.2) | (44.0–59.3) | (49.1–59.4) | ||||
FFM | 54.3 | 53.8 | 52.7 | 54.0 | 0.091 | 0.066 | 0.059 |
(46.1–57.2) | (48.5–61.0) | (48.2–61.0) | (47.2–58.2) | ||||
TBW | 39.9 | 39.6 | 38.9 | 39.6 | 0.266 | 0.097 | 0.109 |
(33.9–42.0) | (35.5–44.8) | (35.3–44.8) | (34.6–42.7) | ||||
ECW | 19.3 | 18.2 | 18.5 | 18.4 | 0.011 | 0.343 | 0.236 |
(16.3–22.5) | (15.6–20.5) | (15.7–20.7) | (15.7–19.9) | ||||
BCM | 26.5 | 28.1 | 26.6 | 28.5 | 0.013 | 0.011 | 0.013 |
(23.0–29.8) | (26.4–34.4) | (26.4–34.4) | (25.5–31.0) | ||||
FM | 14.5 | 8.8 | 9.7 | 13.5 | 0.050 | 0.314 | 0.441 |
(11.0–16.9) | (7.3–19.8) | (7.3–17.9) | (10.8–22.6) | ||||
PA | 5.6 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 0.005 | 0.008 | 0.005 |
(4.1–5.7) | (5.0–6.5) | (5.0–6.5) | (5.7–6.1) | ||||
NaK | 1.15 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 0.011 | 0.059 | 0.010 |
(1.1–1.4) | (1.0–1.4) | (1.0–1.4) | (1.0–1.2) | ||||
FMpct | 20.8 | 14.4 | 16.5 | 20.2 | 0.068 | 0.314 | 0.646 |
(18.3–23.7) | (11.8–26.1) | (11.8–24.5) | (16.3–28.2) | ||||
FFMpct | 79.2 | 85.5 | 83.5 | 79.7 | 0.068 | 0.314 | 0.646 |
(76.3–81.7) | (73.9–88.2) | (75.5–88.2) | (71.8–83.7) | ||||
TBWpct | 58.1 | 62.8 | 61.4 | 58.5 | 0.168 | 0.374 | 0.575 |
(56.3–60.3) | (54.2–65.0) | (55.1–65.0) | (52.6–61.5) | ||||
ECWpct | 47.7 | 44.85 | 46.3 | 46.0 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.005 |
(47.2–56.3) | (43.3–50.9) | (43.3–50.9) | (45.0–47.2) | ||||
ICWpct | 52.3 | 55.1 | 53.6 | 53.9 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.005 |
(43.7–52.8) | (49.1–56.7) | (49.1–56.7) | (52.8–55.0) | ||||
MM | 26.7 | 25.7 | 26.1 | 25.2 | 0.168 | 0.086 | 0.444 |
(21.1–29.1) | (22.9–32.2) | (22.6–32.2) | (21.8–29.6) | ||||
MMpct | 37.8 | 41.1 | 39.4 | 37.5 | 0.197 | 0.260 | 0.005 |
(36.3–40.9) | (33.8–46.5) | (36.1–46.5) | (32.3–42.6) | ||||
BM | 1519 | 1564 | 1521.9 | 1576.5 | 0.013 | 0.013 | 0.011 |
(1417–1612) | (1514–1748) | (1514–1748) | (1488–1649) | ||||
BCMI | 9.2 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 0.008 | 0.012 | 0.005 |
(7.4–10.5) | (8.7–11.2) | (8.7–11.2) | (8.8–10.7) | ||||
Hydration | 73.4 | 73.3 | 74.4 | 73.3 | 0.016 | 0.246 | 0.105 |
(73.3–73.9) | (73.0–73.7) | (73.0–73.8) | (73.1–73.5) | ||||
Nutrition | 790.7 | 847.2 | 812.5 | 872.3 | 0.010 | 0.011 | 0.007 |
(668.8–916) | (765–1020) | (750.0–1020) | (720.9–931) | ||||
SMI | 8.8 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 0.091 | 0.057 | 0.202 |
(7.3–9.6) | (7.9–10.5) | (7.8–10.5) | (7.6–9.7) | ||||
SMM | 26.7 | 25.7 | 26.1 | 25.2 | 0.168 | 0.086 | 0.444 |
(22.1–29.1) | (22.9–32.2) | (22.6–32.2) | (21.8–29.6) | ||||
ASMM | 19.65 | 19.5 | 19.1 | 19.9 | 0.091 | 0.051 | 0.028 |
(17.1–22.8) | (18.5–24.7) | (18.1–24.7) | (17.6–23.2) | ||||
FMI | 4.9 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 4.6 | 0.075 | 0.477 | 0.308 |
(4.0–5.4) | (2.4–7.0) | (2.4–6.3) | (3.7–8.0) | ||||
FFMI | 18.0 | 18.7 | 18.3 | 18.8 | 0.023 | 0.017 | 0.016 |
(16.0–20.2) | (16.8–19.9) | (16.7–21.3) | (16.3–20.3) | ||||
SPA | 0.45 | 0.70 | 0.70 | 0.75 | 0.003 | 0.008 | 0.005 |
(−2.8–1.8) | (−1.7–3.7) | (−1.7–2.6) | (−0.4–3.2) |
Variables (Median, Range) | Control Group (CG) | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within CG | |||||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T0–T1 | T0–T2 | T0–T3 | |
6MWT (m) | 402.5 | 400.0 | 424.2 | 405 | 0.074 | 0.462 | 0.463 |
(330–560) | (290–510) | (300–535) | (310–505) | ||||
SPPB | 10.5 | 10.00 | 9.5 | 10.0 | 0.480 | 0.301 | 0.394 |
(8.0–11.0) | (9.0–11.0) | (9.0–12.0) | (7.0–12.0) | ||||
Handgrip Strength Test (kg) | 41.0 | 41.0 | 40.5 | 40.0 | 0.893 | 0.753 | 0.866 |
(20.7–42.9) | (18.3–42.0) | (22.0–42.0) | (19.7–42.0) | ||||
HADS—Anxiety | 7.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 0.416 | 0.044 | 0.293 |
(3.0–14.0) | (1.0–14.0) | (0.0–14.0) | (0.0–14.0) | ||||
HADS—Depression | 6.0 | 6.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 0.345 | 0.674 | 0.500 |
(4.0–9.0) | (1.0–9.0) | (0.0–13.0) | (0.0–9.0) | ||||
PSQI | 7.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 0.461 | 0.027 | 0.026 |
(3.0–14.0) | (4.0–12.0) | (2.0–8.0) | (2.0–9.0) |
Variables (Median, Range) | Control Group (CG) | p-Value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Within CG | |||||||
T0 | T1 | T2 | T3 | T0–T1 | T0–T2 | T0–T3 | |
Rz | 407.4 | 436.5 | 387.3 | 424.0 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.715 |
(395.2–419.6) | (416.7–456.4) | (358.3–416.4) | (396.2–451) | ||||
Xc | 46.1 | 51.65 | 44.8 | 44.5 | 0.998 | 0.465 | 0.998 |
(40.4–51.8) | (50.6–52.7) | (41.4–48.2) | (44.2–44.8) | ||||
FFM | 62.3 | 60.1 | 64.4 | 60.9 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.998 |
(58.8–65.8) | (56.0–64.2) | (59.0–69.0) | (56.0–65.9) | ||||
TBW | 45.8 | 44.0 | 47.45 | 44.9 | 0.999 | 0.068 | 0.998 |
(43.1–48.5) | (41.0–47.1) | (43.3–51.6) | (41.2–48.6) | ||||
ECW | 20.1 | 18.7 | 20.4 | 20.4 | 0.999 | 0.705 | 0.715 |
(17.8–22.5) | (17.7–19.7) | (18.6–22.2) | (19.5–21.4) | ||||
BCM | 34.6 | 34.5 | 36.4 | 32.8 | 0.998 | 0.144 | 0.715 |
(34.6–34.8) | (31.7–37.3) | (33.4–39.5) | (29.1–36.6) | ||||
FM | 10.7 | 13.1 | 8.8 | 12.3 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.273 |
(7.2–14.2) | (10.0–16.3) | (7.0–10.6) | (10.0–14.6) | ||||
PA | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 0.999 | 0.273 | 0.715 |
(5.8–7.0) | (6.6–6.9) | (6.6–6.6) | (5.7–6.4) | ||||
NaK | 1.15 | 1.05 | 1.10 | 1.15 | 0.655 | 0.998 | 0.998 |
(1.1–1.2) | (1.0–1.1) | (1.1–1.1) | (1.1–1.2) | ||||
FMpct | 14.35 | 17.7 | 11.9 | 16.6 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.715 |
(10.9–17.8) | (15.2–20.2) | (10.7–13.2) | (15.1–18.1) | ||||
FFMpct | 85.6 | 82.3 | 88.0 | 83.4 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.715 |
(82.2–89.1) | (79.8–84.8) | (86.8–89.3) | (81.9–84.9) | ||||
TBWpct | 63.0 | 60.3 | 64.8 | 61.4 | 0.999 | 0.066 | 0.715 |
(60.7–65.3) | (58.5–62.1) | (64.0–65.6) | (60.3–62.5) | ||||
ECWpct | 43.9 | 42.4 | 43.1 | 45.7 | 0.998 | 0.357 | 0.715 |
(41.4–46.5) | (41.8–43.1) | (43.1–43.1) | (44.1–47.3) | ||||
ICWpct | 56.0 | 57.5 | 56.9 | 54.3 | 0.998 | 0.357 | 0.715 |
(53.5–58.6) | (56.9–58.2) | (56.9–56.9) | (52.7–55.9) | ||||
MM | 31.0 | 29.2 | 32.5 | 30.0 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.581 |
(29.9–32.1) | (27.8–30.6) | (30.1–35.0) | (28.0–32.0) | ||||
MMpct | 42.7 | 40.0 | 44.5 | 41.1 | 0.998 | 0.144 | 0.715 |
(40.1–45.3) | (3.0–42.1) | (43.5–45.6) | (39.8–42.5) | ||||
BM | 1753.9 | 1749.7 | 1807.55 | 1703.6 | 0.998 | 0.144 | 0.715 |
(1748–1759) | (1668–1831) | (1718–1896) | (1595–1811) | ||||
BCMI | 12.45 | 12.4 | 13.1 | 11.8 | 0.998 | 0.141 | 0.715 |
(12.3–12.6) | (11.6–13.2) | (12.3–14.0) | (10.7–13.0) | ||||
Hydration | 73.5 | 73.2 | 73.6 | 73.6 | 0.655 | 0.276 | 0.705 |
(73.2–73.8) | (73.2–73.3) | (73.4–73.8) | (73.6–73.6) | ||||
Nutrition | 1079.1 | 1073.8 | 1135.9 | 1024.0 | 0.998 | 0.144 | 0.715 |
(1075–1083) | (995.7–1152) | (1050–1221) | (916.9–1031) | ||||
SMI | 11.2 | 10.5 | 11.75 | 10.8 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.713 |
(11.0–11.4) | (10.2–10.8) | (11.1–12.4) | (10.3–11.3) | ||||
SMM | 31.0 | 29.2 | 32.55 | 30.0 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.581 |
(29.9–32.1) | (27.8–30.6) | (30.1–35.0) | (28.0–32.0) | ||||
ASMM | 22.7 | 22.1 | 23.6 | 22.1 | 0.998 | 0.144 | 0.715 |
(21.7–23.8) | (20.6–23.7) | (21.6–25.6) | (20.2–24.1) | ||||
FMI | 3.8 | 4.75 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 0.998 | 0.180 | 0.269 |
(2.6–5.0) | (3.7–5.8) | (2.6–3.8) | (3.7–5.2) | ||||
FFMI | 22.4 | 21.7 | 23.25 | 22.0 | 0.998 | 0.068 | 0.998 |
(21.6–23.3) | (20.6–22.8) | (21.7–24.8) | (20.6–23.4) | ||||
SPA | 1.4 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 0.998 | 0.197 | 0.715 |
(0.6–2.2) | (1.7–2.0) | (1.5–1.7) | (0.6–1.3) |
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Latini, E.; Parisi, A.; Cerulli, C.; Grazioli, E.; Tranchita, E.; Murri, A.; Mercantini, P.; Lucarini, A.; Gasparrini, M.; Ridola, L.; et al. Supervised Home-Based Exercise Intervention in Colorectal Cancer Patients Following Surgery: A Feasibility Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22, 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040524
Latini E, Parisi A, Cerulli C, Grazioli E, Tranchita E, Murri A, Mercantini P, Lucarini A, Gasparrini M, Ridola L, et al. Supervised Home-Based Exercise Intervention in Colorectal Cancer Patients Following Surgery: A Feasibility Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2025; 22(4):524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040524
Chicago/Turabian StyleLatini, Eleonora, Attilio Parisi, Claudia Cerulli, Elisa Grazioli, Eliana Tranchita, Arianna Murri, Paolo Mercantini, Alessio Lucarini, Marcello Gasparrini, Lorenzo Ridola, and et al. 2025. "Supervised Home-Based Exercise Intervention in Colorectal Cancer Patients Following Surgery: A Feasibility Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 22, no. 4: 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040524
APA StyleLatini, E., Parisi, A., Cerulli, C., Grazioli, E., Tranchita, E., Murri, A., Mercantini, P., Lucarini, A., Gasparrini, M., Ridola, L., Tagliente, L., Santoboni, F., Trischitta, D., Vetrano, M., Visco, V., Vulpiani, M. C., & Nusca, S. M. (2025). Supervised Home-Based Exercise Intervention in Colorectal Cancer Patients Following Surgery: A Feasibility Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(4), 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040524