Healthy Habits, Physical Activity, Stress, and Food Consumption Trends in Chilean Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Settings
2.2. Population and Inclusion Criteria
2.3. Instruments
2.4. Interviews, Data Collection, and Analysis
2.5. Ethical Aspects
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths and Limitations
4.2. Main Findings and Clinical Implications
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Healthy Habits | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Bad Habits (n = 16) | Good Habits (n = 18) | ||
Age (years) | 24.9 ± 4.5 | 24.2 ± 3.2 | 0.48 |
Weight (kg) | 73.04 ± 15.9 | 67.9 ± 16.0 | 0.43 |
BMI (kg/mt2) | 26.3 ± 5.4 | 24.6 ± 3.5 | 0.27 |
Female (%) | 73 | 50 | 0.47 |
Smokers (%) | 13 | 36 | 0.15 |
Sedentary activity (%) ** | 41 | 32 | 0.005 * |
High stress levels (%) *** | 34 | 77 | 0.07 |
Characteristics | Variable | Healthy Habits | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bad Habits (n = 16) | Good Habits (n = 18) | |||
Lifestyle | Irregular pattern (%) | 3 | 0 | 0.07 |
Fast eater (%) | 44 | 27 | 0.001 * | |
Drink consumption (%) | 25 | 18 | 0.15 | |
Nap interval (%) | 28 | 14 | 0.03 * | |
Fat consumption (%) | 6 | 5 | 0.07 | |
Dietary intake | Energy (Kcal) | 2048.6 ± 498.4 | 1889.2 ± 446.04 | 0.32 |
Proteins (g) | 73.06 ± 19.9 | 76.4 ± 21.3 | 0.75 | |
Lipids (g) | 81.7 ± 22.7 | 69.9 ± 21.9 | 0.10 | |
Saturated Fatty Acids (g) | 24.02 ± 10.8 | 19.9 ± 10.5 | 0.09 | |
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (g) | 28.7 ± 11.7 | 25.2 ± 8.5 | 0.32 | |
Carbohydrates (g) | 235.8 ± 86.9 | 229.3 ± 64.8 | 0.84 | |
Fiber (g) | 32.6 ± 18.8 | 30.7 ± 9.6 | 0.82 | |
Dietary intake by food group | Vegetables (g) | 42.9 ± 19.1 | 69.0 ± 39.8 | 0.02 * |
Fruits (g) | 116.5 ± 79.01 | 130.2 ± 100.4 | 0.41 | |
Red meat (g) | 52.3 ± 44.8 | 53.1 ± 63.5 | 0.73 | |
White meat (g) | 52.9 ± 40.6 | 57.8 ± 55.1 | 0.82 | |
Legumes (g) | 54.4 ± 33.8 | 79.7 ± 64.5 | 0.21 | |
Nuts (g) | 76.7 ± 80.01 | 55.3 ± 79.9 | 0.52 | |
Caffeine (g) | 50 ± 154.9 | 22.2 ± 94.2 | 0.49 | |
Sweets (g) | 194.2 ± 120.6 | 193.2 ± 248.4 | 0.59 |
Characteristics | Variables | IBS Cases (n = 20) | Controls (n = 14) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical and dietary | Female (%) | 92.8 | 45 | 0.004 * |
Age (years) | 25.2 ± 4.8 | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 0.44 | |
BMI (Kg/mt2) | 26.9 ± 5.3 | 24.4 ± 3.6 | 0.11 | |
Lifestyles | Irregular pattern (%) | 0 | 5 | 0.39 |
Fast eaters (%) | 64 | 55 | 0.59 | |
Drink consumption (%) | 57 | 20 | 0.02 | |
Nap intervals (%) | 29 | 40 | 0.49 | |
Fat consumption (%) | 7 | 10 | 0.77 | |
Smoking (%) | 29 | 40 | 0.49 | |
Alcohol (%) | 50 | 7 | 0.009 * | |
Sedentary activity (%) | 64 | 55 | 0.58 | |
High stress level (%) | 86 | 80 | 0.66 | |
Dietary intake | Energy (Kcal) | 1994.7 ± 574.1 | 1943 ± 398.4 | 0.76 |
Proteins (g) | 74.3 ± 20.03 | 75.1 ± 21.2 | 0.91 | |
Lipids (g) | 7.7 ± 25.02 | 73.5 ± 21.9 | 0.61 | |
Saturated Fatty Acids (g) | 23.3 ± 10.5 | 20.4 ± 10.07 | 0.41 | |
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (g) | 27.03 ± 11.5 | 26.7 ± 9.4 | 0.94 | |
Carbohydrates (g) | 234.7 ± 72.6 | 230.8 ± 78.3 | 0.88 | |
Fiber (g) | 33.9 ± 19.6 | 29.9 ± 9.7 | 0.44 | |
Dietary intake by food group | Vegetables (g) | 59.0 ± 30.3 | 59.4 ± 36.3 | 0.64 |
Fruits (g) | 100.6 ± 49.4 | 139.9 ± 108.1 | 0.21 | |
Red meat (g) | 52.7 ± 52.8 | 52.7 ± 57.3 | 0.99 | |
White meat (g) | 52.2 ± 45.3 | 57.8 ± 51.1 | 0.74 | |
Legumes (g) | 71.1 ± 69.08 | 65.4 ± 40.4 | 0.76 | |
Nuts (g) | 23.9 ± 36.4 | 93.9 ± 89.3 | 0.009 * | |
Caffeine (g) | 42.8 ± 160.3 | 30 ± 97.8 | 0.77 | |
Sweets (g) | 192.4 ± 223.6 | 207.1 ± 176.8 | 0.83 |
IBS | Dietary Habits | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Bad Habits | Good Habits | ||
Crude model | 1 | 0.61 (0.15–2.43) | 0.48 |
Model 1 | 1 | 15.4 (1.67–142.30) | 0.008 |
Model 2 | 1 | 12.58 (1.35–116.98) | 0.02 |
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Mandiola-Palma, C.; Leiva, C.; Moya-Salazar, M.J.; Goicochea-Palomino, E.A.; Contreras-Pulache, H.; Moya-Salazar, J. Healthy Habits, Physical Activity, Stress, and Food Consumption Trends in Chilean Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050533
Mandiola-Palma C, Leiva C, Moya-Salazar MJ, Goicochea-Palomino EA, Contreras-Pulache H, Moya-Salazar J. Healthy Habits, Physical Activity, Stress, and Food Consumption Trends in Chilean Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(5):533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050533
Chicago/Turabian StyleMandiola-Palma, Carolina, Camila Leiva, María Jesús Moya-Salazar, Eliane A. Goicochea-Palomino, Hans Contreras-Pulache, and Jeel Moya-Salazar. 2024. "Healthy Habits, Physical Activity, Stress, and Food Consumption Trends in Chilean Adults with Irritable Bowel Syndrome during the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 5: 533. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21050533