Life Satisfaction Factors, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms among Young Women Living in Urban Kampala: Findings from the TOPOWA Project Pilot Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participant Recruitment
2.2. TOPOWA Project
2.3. Measures
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Low/Moderate Perceived Stress (n = 46) 76.7% | High Perceived Stress (n = 14) 23.3% | Overall (n = 60) | Test Statistic, df, p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Mean (SD) | 20.13 (1.92) | 20.07 (1.59) | 20.12 (1.83) | t = 0.12, df = 25.56, p = 0.91 |
Do you have children? | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.75 | |||
Yes | 14 (30.4%) | 5 (35.7%) | 19 (31.7%) | |
No | 32 (69.6%) | 9 (64.3%) | 41 (68.3%) | |
Highest level of education * | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.12 | |||
Completed some primary/all primary | 16 (34.8%) | 2 (14.3%) | 18 (30.0%) | |
Completed secondary or higher | 30 (65.2%) | 12 (85.7%) | 42 (70.0%) | |
Do you have a job? | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.74 | |||
Yes | 13 (28.3%) | 3 (21.4%) | 16 (26.7%) | |
No | 33 (71.7%) | 11 (78.6%) | 44 (73.3%) | |
How many people are living in your household? | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.16 | |||
Two | 11 (23.9%) | 1 (7.1%) | 12 (20.0%) | |
Three | 7 (15.2%) | 5 (35.7%) | 12 (20.0%) | |
Four or more | 28 (60.9%) | 8 (57.1%) | 36 (60.0%) | |
Did you or any household member go to sleep at night hungry because there was not enough food? (past month) | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.76 | |||
Yes | 24 (52.2%) | 6 (42.9%) | 30 (50.0%) | |
No | 22 (47.8%) | 8 (57.1%) | 30 (50.0%) | |
Was there ever no food to eat of any kind in your household because of lack of resources to get food? (past month) | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.76 | |||
Yes | 24 (52.2%) | 6 (42.9%) | 30 (50.0%) | |
No | 22 (47.8%) | 8 (57.1%) | 30 (50.0%) | |
Has your household received any form of external economic support in the past 12 months? | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 1.00 | |||
Yes | 14 (30.4%) | 4 (28.6%) | 18 (30.0%) | |
No | 32 (69.6%) | 10 (71.4%) | 42 (70.0%) |
Depressed Half of the Time or Less in the Past 30 Days (n = 40) 67.8% | Depressed Most or All of the Time in the Past 30 Days (n = 19) 32.2% | Overall (n = 59) | Test Statistic, df, p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Mean (SD) | 20.13 (1.88) | 20.16 (1.80) | 20.12 (1.83) | t = −0.06, df = 36.92, p = 0.95 |
Do you have children? | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.76 | |||
Yes | 12 (30.0%) | 7 (36.8%) | 19 (32.2%) | |
No | 28 (70.0%) | 12 (63.2%) | 40 (67.8%) | |
Highest level of education * | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.55 | |||
Completed some primary/all primary | 11 (27.5%) | 7 (36.8%) | 18 (30.5%) | |
Completed secondary or higher | 29 (72.5%) | 12 (63.2%) | 41 (69.5%) | |
Do you have a job? | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.76 | |||
Yes | 10 (25.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | 16 (27.1%) | |
No | 30 (75.0%) | 13 (68.4%) | 43 (72.9%) | |
How many people are living in your household? | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 1.00 | |||
Two | 8 (20.0%) | 3 (15.8%) | 11 (18.6%) | |
Three | 8 (20.0%) | 4 (21.1%) | 12 (20.3%) | |
Four or more | 24 (60.0%) | 12 (63.2%) | 36 (61.0%) | |
Did you or any household member go to sleep at night hungry because there was not enough food? (past month) | = 5.38, df = 1, p = 0.02 | |||
Yes | 15 (37.5%) | 14 (73.7%) | 29 (49.2%) | |
No | 25 (62.5%) | 5 (26.3%) | 30 (50.8%) | |
Was there ever no food to eat of any kind in your household because of lack of resources to get food? (past month) | = 3.10, df = 1, p = 0.08 | |||
Yes | 16 (40.0%) | 13 (68.4%) | 29 (49.2%) | |
No | 24 (60.0%) | 6 (31.6%) | 30 (50.8%) | |
Has your household received any form of external economic support in the past 12 months? | Fisher’s Exact Test p = 0.23 | |||
Yes | 10 (25.0%) | 8 (42.1%) | 18 (30.5%) | |
No | 30 (75.0%) | 11 (57.9%) | 41 (69.5%) |
Low/Moderate Perceived Stress n = 46 (76.7%) | High Perceived Stress n = 14 (23.3%) | Test Statistic, df, p-Value | |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Life Satisfaction: Living conditions and lifestyle | 2.76 (0.55) | 2.15 (0.39) | t = 4.57, df = 30.22, p < 0.001 |
Life Satisfaction: Social relationships | 3.33 (0.66) | 2.73 (0.60) | t = 3.22, df = 23.85, p = 0.004 |
Life Satisfaction: Personal independence | 2.76 (0.77) | 2.27 (0.24) | t = 3.66, df = 55.98, p < 0.001 |
Overall, how satisfied are you with your life? | 4.68 (1.70) | 2.60 (1.52) | t = 2.74, df = 6.20, p = 0.03 |
Depressed Half of the Time or Less Including no Depression n = 40 (67.8%) | Depressed Most or All of the Time n = 19 (32.2%) | Test Statistic, df, p-Value | |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Life Satisfaction: Living conditions and lifestyle | 2.74 (0.56) | 2.40 (0.54) | t = 2.22, df = 36.18, p = 0.03 |
Life Satisfaction: Social relationships | 3.24 (0.65) | 3.07 (0.79) | t = 0.80, df = 30.41, p = 0.43 |
Life Satisfaction: Personal independence | 2.69 (0.77) | 2.58 (0.59) | t = 0.59, df = 42.53, p = 0.56 |
Overall, how satisfied are you with your life? | 4.88 (1.50) | 3.71 (2.02) | t = 1.77, df = 23.80, p = 0.09 |
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Culbreth, R.E.; Nielsen, K.E.; Mobley, K.; Palmier, J.; Bukuluki, P.; Swahn, M.H. Life Satisfaction Factors, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms among Young Women Living in Urban Kampala: Findings from the TOPOWA Project Pilot Studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020184
Culbreth RE, Nielsen KE, Mobley K, Palmier J, Bukuluki P, Swahn MH. Life Satisfaction Factors, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms among Young Women Living in Urban Kampala: Findings from the TOPOWA Project Pilot Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(2):184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020184
Chicago/Turabian StyleCulbreth, Rachel E., Karen E. Nielsen, Kate Mobley, Jane Palmier, Paul Bukuluki, and Monica H. Swahn. 2024. "Life Satisfaction Factors, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms among Young Women Living in Urban Kampala: Findings from the TOPOWA Project Pilot Studies" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 2: 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020184
APA StyleCulbreth, R. E., Nielsen, K. E., Mobley, K., Palmier, J., Bukuluki, P., & Swahn, M. H. (2024). Life Satisfaction Factors, Stress, and Depressive Symptoms among Young Women Living in Urban Kampala: Findings from the TOPOWA Project Pilot Studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(2), 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21020184