Prevalence and Determinants of Household Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus in Gauteng, South Africa
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data
2.2. Measures
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Respondents
3.2. Prevalence of Household Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus
3.3. Multivariate Logistic Regression Model of Factors Associated with Household Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | % | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
Sex | |||
Male | 6340 | 49.9 | [48.8–51.0] |
Female | 7276 | 50.1 | [49.0–51.2] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
Population group | |||
Black African | 10,933 | 80.4 | [79.5–81.3] |
Other | 2683 | 19.6 | [18.7–20.5] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
Age group | |||
18–24 | 1760 | 13.7 | [13.0–14.5] |
25–34 | 3197 | 23.6 | [22.7–24.5] |
35–44 | 3129 | 22.6 | [21.7–23.5] |
45–54 | 2206 | 16.4 | [15.6–17.2] |
55–64 | 1801 | 12.9 | [12.1–13.6] |
65+ | 1523 | 10.8 | [10.2–11.5] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
Education | |||
Secondary or less | 5789 | 43.0 | [41.9–44.1] |
Matric | 4210 | 31.9 | [30.9–33.0] |
Tertiary | 3519 | 25.1 | [24.2–26.0] |
Total | 13,518 | 100.0 | |
Income | |||
R800 or less | 1570 | 16.2 | [15.3–17.2] |
R801–R3200 | 3525 | 37.2 | [35.9–38.4] |
R3201–R12800 | 2684 | 27.9 | [26.8–29.2] |
R12801 or more | 1921 | 18.7 | [17.7–19.7] |
Total | 9700 | 100.0 | |
Medical aid | |||
Yes | 3356 | 23.2 | [22.3–24.1] |
No | 10,206 | 76.8 | [75.9–77.7] |
Total | 13,562 | 100.0 | |
Living standard satisfaction | |||
Satisfied | 7963 | 58.3 | [57.3–59.4] |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 1467 | 11.4 | [10.7–12.1] |
Dissatisfied | 4186 | 30.2 | [29.2–31.2] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
Food satisfaction | |||
Satisfied | 10,923 | 79.0 | [78.1–79.9] |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 785 | 6.4 | [5.8–7.0] |
Dissatisfied | 1908 | 14.6 | [13.8–15.4] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
Food expenditure | |||
R1000 or less | 4559 | 34.8 | [33.7–35.9] |
R1001–R2000 | 4400 | 35.7 | [34.6–36.8] |
R2001 or more | 3807 | 29.5 | [28.5–30.5] |
Total | 12,766 | 100.0 | |
Health status | |||
Excellent | 4446 | 33.2 | [32.2–34.3] |
Good | 7431 | 54.4 | [53.3–55.5] |
Poor | 1739 | 12.4 | [11.6–13.1] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
Hypertension | |||
No | 10,338 | 76.8 | [75.8–77.7] |
Yes | 3278 | 23.2 | [22.3–24.2] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
Healthcare facilities access | |||
No | 3389 | 25.7 | [24.8–26.7] |
Yes | 9672 | 74.3 | [73.3–75.2] |
Total | 13,061 | 100.0 | |
Healthcare facility type | |||
Private | 3569 | 25.3 | [24.4–26.3] |
Public | 9377 | 74.7 | [73.7–75.6] |
Total | 12,946 | 100.0 | |
Health services satisfaction | |||
Satisfied | 8868 | 65.8 | [64.8–66.9] |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 994 | 8.0 | [7.4–8.6] |
Dissatisfied | 3199 | 26.2 | [25.2–27.2] |
Total | 13,061 | 100.0 | |
Dwelling Type | |||
Formal | 11,541 | 85.6 | [84.8–86.3] |
Informal/Other | 2075 | 14.4 | [13.7–15.2] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 | |
District | |||
City of Ekurhuleni | 2963 | 25.4 | [24.5–26.3] |
City of Johannesburg | 3545 | 38.4 | [37.3–39.5] |
City of Tshwane | 2810 | 24.1 | [23.1–25.0] |
Sedibeng | 2160 | 6.1 | [5.7–6.4] |
West Rand | 2138 | 6.1 | [5.8–6.4] |
Total | 13,616 | 100.0 |
Sample | % | 95% CI | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 13,616 | 11.1 | [10.4–11.9] | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 6340 | 10.5 | [9.5–11.7] | 0.135 |
Female | 7276 | 11.7 | [10.8–12.6] | |
Population group | ||||
Black African | 10,933 | 9.1 | [8.5–9.8] | <0.001 |
Other | 2683 | 19.2 | [16.9–21.6] | |
Age group | ||||
18–24 | 1760 | 6.0 | [4.9–7.3] | <0.001 |
25–34 | 3197 | 6.9 | [5.8–8.1] | |
35–44 | 3129 | 6.7 | [5.7–7.9] | |
45–54 | 2206 | 12.5 | [10.3–15.0] | |
55–64 | 1801 | 19.8 | [17.5–22.4] | |
65+ | 1523 | 23.6 | [20.8–26.7] | |
Education | ||||
Secondary or less | 5789 | 11.5 | [10.4–12.6] | 0.502 |
Matric | 4210 | 10.5 | [9.1–12.0] | |
Tertiary | 3519 | 11.3 | [10.0–12.7] | |
Income | ||||
R800 or less | 1570 | 7.3 | [5.8–9.3] | 0.001 |
R801–R3200 | 3525 | 11.0 | [9.7–12.4] | |
R3201–R12800 | 2684 | 11.7 | [10.1–13.5] | |
R12801 or more | 1921 | 12.9 | [10.9–15.3] | |
Medical aid | ||||
Yes | 3356 | 13.7 | [12.2–15.4] | <0.001 |
No | 10,206 | 10.3 | [9.5–11.1] | |
Living standard satisfaction | ||||
Satisfied | 7963 | 12.5 | [11.5–13.6] | <0.001 |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 1467 | 11.3 | [9.4–13.4] | |
Dissatisfied | 4186 | 8.3 | [7.3–9.4] | |
Food satisfaction | ||||
Satisfied | 10,923 | 11.3 | [10.6–12.2] | 0.184 |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 785 | 12.6 | [8.7–17.9] | |
Dissatisfied | 1908 | 9.2 | [7.7–11.0] | |
Food expenditure | ||||
R1000 or less | 4559 | 8.3 | [7.4–9.4] | <0.001 |
R1001–R2000 | 4400 | 11.6 | [10.4–12.9] | |
R2001 or more | 3807 | 13.9 | [12.3–15.7] | |
Health status | ||||
Excellent | 4446 | 7.1 | [6.2–8.1] | <0.001 |
Good | 7431 | 10.9 | [9.9–12.0] | |
Poor | 1739 | 22.7 | [20.0–25.7] | |
Hypertension | ||||
No | 10,338 | 6.1 | [5.4–6.8] | <0.001 |
Yes | 3278 | 27.7 | [25.7–29.8] | |
Healthcare facilities access | ||||
No | 3389 | 12.0 | [10.6–13.5] | 0.281 |
Yes | 9672 | 11.1 | [10.2–12.0] | |
Healthcare facility type | ||||
Private | 3569 | 13.6 | [12.2–15.3] | <0.001 |
Public | 9377 | 10.6 | [9.7–11.5] | |
Health services satisfaction | ||||
Satisfied | 8868 | 11.6 | [10.7–12.7] | 0.380 |
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 994 | 10.1 | [8.0–12.7] | |
Dissatisfied | 3199 | 10.8 | [9.5–12.2] | |
Dwelling type | ||||
Formal | 11,541 | 12.2 | [11.4–13.0] | <0.001 |
Informal/Other | 2075 | 4.7 | [3.4–6.4] |
aOR | [95% CI] | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Population group | |||
Black African | 1.00 | ||
Other | 1.70 | [1.33–2.18] | <0.001 |
Age group | |||
18–24 | 1.00 | ||
25–34 | 1.28 | 0.95–1.73 | 0.109 |
35–44 | 1.03 | 0.76–1.40 | 0.831 |
45–54 | 1.74 | 1.25–2.42 | 0.001 |
55–64 | 2.38 | 1.77–3.20 | <0.001 |
65+ | 2.16 | 1.57–2.96 | <0.001 |
Medical aid | |||
Yes | 1.00 | ||
No | 1.12 | 0.87–1.43 | 0.386 |
Living standard satisfaction | |||
Satisfied | 1.00 | ||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 1.00 | 0.78–1.30 | 0.97 |
Dissatisfied | 0.88 | 0.71–1.08 | 0.224 |
Food satisfaction | |||
Satisfied | 1.00 | ||
Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied | 1.58 | 0.97–2.58 | 0.065 |
Dissatisfied | 1.03 | 0.80–1.34 | 0.806 |
Food expenditure | |||
R1000 or less | 1.00 | ||
R1001–R2000 | 1.44 | 1.18–1.74 | <0.001 |
R2001 or more | 1.41 | 1.11–1.80 | 0.006 |
Health status | |||
Excellent | 1.00 | ||
Good | 1.19 | 0.98–1.44 | 0.084 |
Poor | 2.13 | 1.65–2.75 | <0.001 |
Hypertension | |||
No | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 4.26 | 3.58–5.08 | <0.001 |
Dwelling type | |||
Formal | 1.00 | ||
Informal/Other | 0.51 | 0.37–0.69 | <0.001 |
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Mokhele, S.; Mokhele, T. Prevalence and Determinants of Household Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus in Gauteng, South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111537
Mokhele S, Mokhele T. Prevalence and Determinants of Household Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus in Gauteng, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(11):1537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111537
Chicago/Turabian StyleMokhele, Shoeshoe, and Tholang Mokhele. 2024. "Prevalence and Determinants of Household Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus in Gauteng, South Africa" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 11: 1537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111537
APA StyleMokhele, S., & Mokhele, T. (2024). Prevalence and Determinants of Household Self-Reported Diabetes Mellitus in Gauteng, South Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(11), 1537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21111537