Impact of Weight Status on Hemodynamic Parameters and Aerobic Fitness in School-Aged Children: A Study in a Rural School Community
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedures
2.2. Inclusion Criteria
2.3. Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Data Collection Process
Anthropometric Measurements
- Height and Weight
- b.
- Waist to Hip (WHR)
- c.
- Skinfolds
- d.
- Hemodynamic Measurements
- e.
- Aerobic Fitness Test (20 m Shuttle Run Test)
- f.
- Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Anthropometric Characteristics
3.2. Hemodynamic Characteristics
3.3. Aerobic Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Healthy Weight (n = 201) | Overweight (n = 149) | Difference (%) | Significance (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 11.99 ± 0.77 | 12.04 ± 0.76 | 0.4 | 0.546 |
Height (m) | 148.36 ± 8.28 | 149.29 ± 8.08 | 0.6 | 0.293 |
Weight (kg) | 41.02 ± 7.71 | 49.92 ± 12.87 | 18 | <0.001 * |
Waist circumference (cm) | 62.59 ± 5.17 | 70.85 ± 10.05 | 12 | <0.001 * |
Hip circumference (cm) | 82.08 ± 7.08 | 87.42 ± 10.82 | 6 | <0.001 * |
Waist–hip ratio | 0.76 ± 0.04 | 0.81 ± 0.06 | 6 | <0.001 * |
Body fat | 20.72 ± 4.46 | 24.99 ± 5.16 | 16 | <0.001 * |
Variable | Healthy Weight (n = 201) | Overweight (n = 149) | Difference (%) | Significance (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Resting heart rate (bpm) | 83.92 ± 13.45 | 86.92 ± 11.73 | 3 | 0.055 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 113.85 ± 11.11 | 115.81 ± 12.14 | 2 | 0.116 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.32 ± 13.57 | 73.79 ± 12.96 | 3 | 0.08 |
Variable | Healthy Weight (n = 201) | Overweight (n = 149) | Difference (%) | Significance (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Beep speed (km/h) | 9.07 ± 0.50 | 8.67 ± 0.55 | 4 | <0.001 * |
Beep level | 3.81 ± 1.04 | 3.05 ± 1.15 | 20 | <0.001 * |
VO2max | 38.26 ± 3.09 | 36.07 ± 313 | 6 | <0.001 * |
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Lukhele, N.P.; Millard, L.; Breukelman, G.J. Impact of Weight Status on Hemodynamic Parameters and Aerobic Fitness in School-Aged Children: A Study in a Rural School Community. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21101340
Lukhele NP, Millard L, Breukelman GJ. Impact of Weight Status on Hemodynamic Parameters and Aerobic Fitness in School-Aged Children: A Study in a Rural School Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(10):1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21101340
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukhele, Ncomi Primrose, Lourens Millard, and Gerrit Jan Breukelman. 2024. "Impact of Weight Status on Hemodynamic Parameters and Aerobic Fitness in School-Aged Children: A Study in a Rural School Community" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 10: 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21101340
APA StyleLukhele, N. P., Millard, L., & Breukelman, G. J. (2024). Impact of Weight Status on Hemodynamic Parameters and Aerobic Fitness in School-Aged Children: A Study in a Rural School Community. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(10), 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21101340