Early Warning Systems for Emerging Profiles of Antimicrobial Resistance in Italy: A National Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Mapping Early Warning Systems at Regional Level
3.2. Key Characteristics of Existing Regional Early Warning Systems
3.2.1. Microorganisms’ Critical Resistance Phenotypes
3.2.2. Specimen Collection and Reporting
3.2.3. Post-Reporting Actions
3.2.4. Availability of Formalized Laboratories Network
3.3. Barriers and Facilitators
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen Collection Setting | Reporting | Reporting Origin | Reporting Target | Timing | Regional IT Platform | Pre-Defined Reporting | Actions | EWS Performance Measurement | Data Quality Monitoring | Formalized RL Network | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basilicata | HB | PB | Clinical microbiologist | Health directorate | 72 h | No | No | NA | No | No | NA |
Bolzano A.P. | HB LTCF CB | WB Other methods | Clinical microbiologist | Health directorate | 24 h | No | Yes | IPC measures | No | No | Yes |
Emilia-Romagna | HB LTCF CB | WB | Risk manager | Prevention department | 24 h | Yes | Yes | NA | No | No | No |
Molise | HB | Other methods | Clinical microbiologist | Health directorate | Results validation | No | No | IPC measures | No | Yes | Yes |
Piedmont | HB LTCF CB | WB PB Other methods | Clinical microbiologist | Health directorate | Real-time | No | No | IPC measures | No | Yes | In progress |
Sicily | HB | WB | Clinical microbiologist | Health directorate | 48 h | Yes | Yes | IPC measures | No | No | Yes |
Trento A.P. | HB LTCF | WB PB Other methods | Clinical microbiologist | Health directorate | Results validation | Yes | Yes | IPC measures | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Valle D’Aosta | HB LTCF CB | WB Other methods | Clinical microbiologist | Health directorate | Real-time | No | No | IPC measures | No | No | No |
Veneto | HB | Other methods | Risk manager | Clinical risk department | Monthly | No | Yes | NA | No | No | NA |
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Iera, J.; Seghieri, C.; Tavoschi, L.; Isonne, C.; Baccolini, V.; Petrone, D.; Agodi, A.; Barchitta, M.; Arnoldo, L.; Creti, R.; et al. Early Warning Systems for Emerging Profiles of Antimicrobial Resistance in Italy: A National Survey. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095623
Iera J, Seghieri C, Tavoschi L, Isonne C, Baccolini V, Petrone D, Agodi A, Barchitta M, Arnoldo L, Creti R, et al. Early Warning Systems for Emerging Profiles of Antimicrobial Resistance in Italy: A National Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(9):5623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095623
Chicago/Turabian StyleIera, Jessica, Chiara Seghieri, Lara Tavoschi, Claudia Isonne, Valentina Baccolini, Daniele Petrone, Antonella Agodi, Martina Barchitta, Luca Arnoldo, Roberta Creti, and et al. 2023. "Early Warning Systems for Emerging Profiles of Antimicrobial Resistance in Italy: A National Survey" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 9: 5623. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095623