Prosociality and Personality: Perceived Efficacy of Behaviors Mediates Relationships between Personality and Self-Reported Climate Change Mitigation Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Climate Change Mitigation Behavior and Personality
1.2. The Role of Neuroticism
1.3. Perceived Efficacy and Climate Change Mitigation Behavior
1.4. Perceived Efficacy as a Mediator between Personality and Climate Change Mitigation Behavior
1.5. The Present Studies
2. Study 1
2.1. Participants
2.2. Measures
2.3. Results
2.3.1. Descriptive Statistics and Zero-Order Correlations between Measures
2.3.2. Relationships between Personality and Climate Change Mitigation Behavior
3. Study 2
3.1. Participants
3.2. Measures
3.3. Results
3.3.1. Descriptive Statistics and Zero-Order Correlations between Measures
3.3.2. Relationships between Personality and Climate Change Mitigation Behavior and Perceived Effectiveness of Mitigation Behavior
3.3.3. Relationships between Personality and Perceived Effectiveness of Mitigation Behavior
3.3.4. Perceived Effectiveness as a Mediator of Relationships between Personality and Climate Change Mitigation Behavior
4. Discussion
4.1. Relationships between Personality and Climate Change Mitigation Behavior
4.2. Perceived Effectiveness as a Mediator of Relationships between Personality and Climate Change Mitigation Behavior
4.3. Moderation vs. Mediation
4.4. Effect Sizes
4.5. Mediation and Causality
4.6. Sample Characteristics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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M | SD | E | A | C | N | O | Meat | Buy | Aware | Demo | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extraversion (E) | 3.29 | 0.78 | 0.88 | ||||||||
Agreeableness (A) | 3.79 | 0.60 | 0.12 | 0.79 | |||||||
Conscientiousness (C) | 3.53 | 0.71 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.86 | ||||||
Negative Emotionality (N) | 2.98 | 0.84 | −0.30 | −0.27 | −0.25 | 0.89 | |||||
Open-Mindedness (O) | 3.83 | 0.65 | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.07 | −0.01 | 0.83 | ||||
Limited consumption of red meat (Meat) | 2.87 | 1.95 | −0.01 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.10 | ||||
Limited purchases (Buy) | 2.60 | 1.56 | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.47 | |||
Made others aware (Aware) | 2.17 | 1.25 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.35 | 0.43 | ||
Petitions, demonstrations, and meetings (Demo) | 1.48 | 0.88 | 0.07 | 0.03 | -0.01 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.46 | |
Took other actions | 2.43 | 1.45 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.43 | 0.47 | 0.53 | 0.38 |
Behavior | E | A | C | N | O | R | F |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limit meat | −0.007 | 0.102 ** | 0.052 | 0.142 ** | 0.081 ** | 0.185 | 7.65 |
Limit purchase | −0.073 * | 0.010 | 0.053 * | 0.026 | 0.165 ** | 0.185 | 7.67 |
Make others aware | 0.114 ** | 0.014 | 0.020 | 0.117 ** | 0.094 ** | 0.187 | 7.86 |
Demo/petition/meeting | 0.075 * | 0.042 | −0.027 | 0.066 * | 0.071 * | 0.126 | 3.52 |
Other action | 0.041 | 0.089 ** | 0.020 | 0.077 * | 0.100 ** | 0.161 | 5.78 |
M | SD | Sample | E | A | C | N | O | Meat | Buy | Aware | Demo | Car | Elec | Other | E-Meat | E-Buy | E-Aware | E-Demo | E-Car | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extraversion © | 3.23 | 0.77 | 1688 | 0.87 | ||||||||||||||||
Agreeableness (A) | 3.75 | 0.59 | 1688 | 0.10 | 0.78 | |||||||||||||||
Conscientiousne© (C) | 3.55 | 0.70 | 1688 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.85 | ||||||||||||||
Negative Emotionality (N) | 3.04 | 0.85 | 1688 | −0.29 | −0.22 | −0.28 | 0.90 | |||||||||||||
Open-Mindedness (O) | 3.87 | 0.65 | 1688 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.83 | ||||||||||||
Limited consumption of red meat (Meat) | 2.82 | 1.99 | 1551 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.19 | ||||||||||||
Limited purchases (Buy) | 2.81 | 1.73 | 1543 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.53 | |||||||||||
Made others aware (Aware) | 2.16 | 1.30 | 1641 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.40 | 0.44 | ||||||||||
Petitions, demonstrations, and meetings (Demo) | 1.73 | 1.15 | 1640 | 0.09 | 0.01 | −0.07 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.33 | 0.36 | 0.65 | |||||||||
Limited use of car (Car) | 3.40 | 2.05 | 1389 | −0.04 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.40 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.29 | ||||||||
Limited electricity (Elec). | 3.02 | 1.79 | 1609 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.29 | 0.46 | |||||||
Took other actions (Other) | 2.45 | 1.55 | 1587 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.42 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.54 | ||||||
Effective meat (E-Meat) | 2.99 | 1.24 | 1674 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.46 | 0.34 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.30 | |||||
Effective buy (E-Buy) | 3.11 | 1.20 | 1671 | −0.01 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.18 | 0.36 | 0.44 | 0.31 | 0.24 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.31 | 0.67 | ||||
Effective aware (E-Aware) | 3.34 | 1.17 | 1688 | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.41 | 0.48 | |||
Effective demo (E-Demo) | 2.84 | 1.18 | 1684 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.25 | 0.22 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.41 | 0.63 | ||
Effective car (E-Car) | 3.62 | 1.13 | 1685 | −0.02 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.29 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.43 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.46 | |
Effective electricity (E-Elec) | 3.47 | 1.16 | 1685 | 0.00 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.51 | 0.46 | 0.81 |
Behavior | E | A | C | N | O | R | F | df |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limit meat | 0.023 | 0.118 ** | 0.078 ** | 0.200 ** | 0.137 ** | 0.277 | 25.69 | 1545 |
Limit purchase | −0.003 | 0.071 ** | 0.056 * | 0.133 ** | 0.197 ** | 0.263 | 22.90 | 1537 |
Make others aware | 0.128 ** | 0.019 | −0.007 | 0.136 ** | 0.121 ** | 0.218 | 16.36 | 1635 |
Demo/petition/meeting | 0.115 ** | 0.025 | −0.075 ** | 0.105 ** | 0.078 ** | 0.181 | 11.04 | 1634 |
Limit car | −0.048 | 0.058 * | 0.091 ** | 0.141 ** | 0.158 ** | 0.242 | 17.17 | 1383 |
Limit electricity | 0.020 | 0.016 | 0.086 ** | 0.113 ** | 0.111 ** | 0.179 | 10.60 | 1603 |
Other action | 0.087 ** | 0.005 | 0.042 | 0.078 ** | 0.167 ** | 0.218 | 15.79 | 1581 |
Behavior | E | A | C | N | O | R | F | df |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limit meat | 0.016 | 0.062 * | 0.055 * | 0.150 ** | 0.140 ** | 0.223 | 17.49 | 1668 |
Limit purchase | −0.011 | 0.044 | 0.083 ** | 0.182 ** | 0.156 ** | 0.255 | 23.18 | 1665 |
Make others aware | 0.016 | 0.095 ** | 0.103 ** | 0.146 ** | 0.103 ** | 0.224 | 17.71 | 1682 |
Demo/petition/meeting | 0.006 | 0.136 ** | 0.075 ** | 0.175 ** | 0.099 ** | 0.247 | 14.79 | 1678 |
Limit car | −0.026 | 0.069 ** | 0.148 ** | 0.162 ** | 0.089 ** | 0.234 | 19.40 | 1679 |
Limit electricity | −0.004 | 0.078 ** | 0.148 ** | 0.167 ** | 0.065 ** | 0.227 | 18.29 | 1679 |
Sample | Effect | A | CI | % | C | CI | % | N | CI | % | O | CI | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Limited consumption | 1538 | total | 0.397 ** | 0.233 ** | 0.456 ** | 0.431 ** | ||||||||
of red meat | direct | 0.304 ** | 0.161 ** | 0.298 ** | 0.231 ** | |||||||||
indirect | 0.093 | 0.016/0.073 | 23 | 0.072 | 0.006/0.142 | 31 | 0.159 | 0.104/0.215 | 35 | 0.200 | 0.134/0.270 | 46 | ||
Limited purchases | 1534 | total | 0.143 ** | 0.260 ** | 0.527 ** | |||||||||
direct | 0.053 ns | 0.104 * | 0.344 ** | |||||||||||
indirect | 0.089 | 0.034/0.147 | 62 | 0.156 | 0.112/0.203 | 60 | 0.183 | 0.125/0.246 | 35 | |||||
Made others aware | 1641 | total | 0.207 ** | 0.245 ** | ||||||||||
direct | 0.137 ** | 0.103 ** | ||||||||||||
indirect | 0.070 | 0.045/0.097 | 34 | 0.062 | 0.030/0.094 | 25 | ||||||||
Petitions, demonstrations, | 1636 | total | −0.121 ** | 0.140 ** | 0.139 ** | |||||||||
and meetings | direct | −0.161 * | 0.067 ns | 0.082 ns | ||||||||||
indirect | 0.039 | 0.010/0.068 | 0.073 | 0.049/0.101 | 52 | 0.057 | 0.029/0.087 | 41 | ||||||
Limited use car | 1386 | total | 0.194 * | 0.254 ** | 0.328 ** | 0.496 ** | ||||||||
direct | 0.141 ns | 0.166 * | 0.231 ** | 0.409 * | ||||||||||
indirect | 0.052 | 0.004/0.104 | 27 | 0.088 | 0.047/0.134 | 35 | 0.097 | 0.060/0.136 | 30 | 0.087 | 0.044/0.134 | 18 | ||
Limited electricity | 1608 | total | 0.221 ** | 0.234 ** | 0.309 ** | |||||||||
direct | 0.123 ns | 0.141 * | 0.259 ** | |||||||||||
indirect | 0.098 | 0.061/0.140 | 44 | 0.091 | 0.061/0.129 | 39 | 0.050 | 0.013/0.090 | 16 |
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Nezlek, J.B.; Cypryańska, M. Prosociality and Personality: Perceived Efficacy of Behaviors Mediates Relationships between Personality and Self-Reported Climate Change Mitigation Behavior. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 3637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043637
Nezlek JB, Cypryańska M. Prosociality and Personality: Perceived Efficacy of Behaviors Mediates Relationships between Personality and Self-Reported Climate Change Mitigation Behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(4):3637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043637
Chicago/Turabian StyleNezlek, John B., and Marzena Cypryańska. 2023. "Prosociality and Personality: Perceived Efficacy of Behaviors Mediates Relationships between Personality and Self-Reported Climate Change Mitigation Behavior" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4: 3637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043637
APA StyleNezlek, J. B., & Cypryańska, M. (2023). Prosociality and Personality: Perceived Efficacy of Behaviors Mediates Relationships between Personality and Self-Reported Climate Change Mitigation Behavior. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043637