Examining the Correlates of HIV Testing for Venezuelan Migrants in Trinidad
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Ethical Approval
2.3. Study Questionnaire and Data Collection
2.4. Other Variables
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Health Needs of Participants
4. Discussion
5. Study Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 149 | 59.6 |
Male | 101 | 40.4 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Education | ||
No formal education | 29 | 11.6 |
Primary | 94 | 37.6 |
Secondary | 120 | 48.0 |
Tertiary | 7 | 2.8 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Age | ||
20–29 years | 72 | 28.8 |
30–39 years | 93 | 37.2 |
40–49 years | 59 | 23.6 |
>50 years | 26 | 10.4 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Reasons for migration | ||
Family reunification | 12 | 4.8 |
Economic reasons | 227 | 90.8 |
Escape from violence/asylum seeker | 12 | 4.8 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
With whom did you arrive in Trinidad? | ||
Arrived alone | 22 | 8.8 |
Arrived with family/friends | 228 | 91.2 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
English fluency | ||
Low | 157 | 62.8 |
Moderate | 81 | 32.4 |
High | 12 | 4.8 |
Total | 245 | 100.0 |
Employment status | ||
Unemployed | 119 | 47.6 |
Employed | 131 | 52.4 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Monthly earnings | ||
<$1000 TT | 145 | 58.0 |
$1000–$2999 TT | 70 | 28.0 |
>$3000 TT | 35 | 14.0 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Time since arrival in Trinidad | ||
≤12 months | 37 | 14.8 |
>12 months | 213 | 85.2 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|
Self-rated health | ||
Poor health | 24 | 9.6 |
Fair health | 74 | 29.6 |
Good health | 152 | 60.8 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Known mental health problem | ||
No | 171 | 68.4 |
Yes | 79 | 31.6 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Known physical health problems | ||
No | 180 | 72.0 |
Yes | 70 | 28.0 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Knowledge of where to get an HIV test in Trinidad | ||
No | 72 | 28.8 |
Yes | 178 | 71.2 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Where would you most likely go to get an HIV test? | ||
Public healthcare providers | 123 | 49.2 |
Community center/NGO | 28 | 11.2 |
Other | 27 | 10.8 |
Unsure | 72 | 28.8 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Where would you most likely go to get a pregnancy test? | ||
Public healthcare providers | 118 | 47.2 |
Community center/NGO | 8 | 3.2 |
Other | 82 | 32.8 |
Unsure | 42 | 16.8 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Where would most likely you go to get condoms? | ||
Public healthcare providers | 50 | 20.0 |
Community center/NGO | 6 | 2.4 |
Other | 148 | 59.2 |
Unsure | 46 | 18.4 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Had an HIV test since arriving in Trinidad? | ||
No | 148 | 59.2 |
Yes | 102 | 40.8 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Had trouble while using public health services? | ||
No | 83 | 33.2 |
Yes | 167 | 66.8 |
Total | 250 | 100.0 |
Factors | p-Value |
---|---|
Sociodemographic | |
Gender | 0.563 |
Education level | 0.491 |
Age | 0.141 |
Main reason for migration | 0.160 |
With whom migrant arrived | 0.071 |
English fluency | 0.082 |
Employment status | 0.153 |
Monthly earnings | 0.105 |
Time since arrival | 0.743 |
Health needs and services | |
Self-rated health | 0.478 |
Known mental health problems | 0.537 |
Known physical health problems | 0.033 |
Knowledge of where to get an HIV test | <0.001 |
Most likely place to get an HIV test | 0.002 |
Most likely place to get a pregnancy test | 0.094 |
Most likely place to get condoms | 0.961 |
Trouble using public health services | 0.610 |
Predictors | p-Value | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
Arrival with whom | |||
Arrived alone | - | Ref | - |
Arrived with family/friends | 0.050 | 2.912 | 1.002–8.466 |
English fluency | |||
Low | - | Ref | - |
Moderate | 0.238 | 0.706 | 0.396–1.259 |
High | 0.051 | 0.207 | 0.043–1.005 |
Known physical health problems | |||
No | - | Ref | - |
Yes | 0.039 | 1.856 | 1.032–3.337 |
Knowledge of where to get an HIV test | |||
No | - | Ref | - |
Yes | <0.001 | 3.173 | 1.683–5.982 |
Factors | p-Value |
---|---|
Sociodemographic | |
Gender | 0.688 |
Education level | 0.182 |
Age | 0.469 |
Main reason for migration | 0.016 |
With whom migrant arrived | 0.007 |
English fluency | 0.737 |
Employment status | 0.081 |
Monthly earnings | 0.032 |
Time since arrival | 0.031 |
Health needs and services | |
Self-rated health | 0.558 |
Known mental health problems | 0.824 |
Known physical health problems | 0.943 |
Knowledge of where to get an HIV test | 0.035 |
Most likely place to get an HIV test | 0.008 |
Most likely place to get a pregnancy test | 0.050 |
Most likely place to get condoms | 0.020 |
Predictors | p-Value | OR | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
Main reason for migration | |||
Economic reasons | - | Ref | - |
Escape from violence/asylum seeker | 0.298 | 0.487 | 0.126–1.886 |
Family reunification | - | - | - |
Arrival with whom | |||
Arrived alone | - | Ref | - |
Arrived with family/friends | 0.010 | 3.572 | 1.352–9.442 |
Monthly earnings | |||
<$1000 TT | - | Ref | - |
$1000-$2999 TT | 0.010 | 2.567 | 1.252–5.264 |
>$3000 TT | 0.310 | 1.567 | 0.659–3.727 |
Time since arrival | |||
≤12 months | - | Ref | - |
>12 months | 0.060 | 2.128 | 0.967–4.681 |
Knowledge of where to get an HIV test | |||
No | - | Ref | - |
Yes | 0.071 | 1.845 | 0.948–3.591 |
Most likely place to get condoms | |||
Public health facility | - | Ref | - |
Community centre/NGO | 0.570 | 0.572 | 0.083–3.949 |
Other | 0.003 | 0.264 | 0.110–0.633 |
Unsure | 0.197 | 0.483 | 0.160–1.460 |
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Share and Cite
Lyons, N.; Bhagwandeen, B.; Edwards, J. Examining the Correlates of HIV Testing for Venezuelan Migrants in Trinidad. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032148
Lyons N, Bhagwandeen B, Edwards J. Examining the Correlates of HIV Testing for Venezuelan Migrants in Trinidad. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032148
Chicago/Turabian StyleLyons, Nyla, Brendon Bhagwandeen, and Jeffrey Edwards. 2023. "Examining the Correlates of HIV Testing for Venezuelan Migrants in Trinidad" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032148
APA StyleLyons, N., Bhagwandeen, B., & Edwards, J. (2023). Examining the Correlates of HIV Testing for Venezuelan Migrants in Trinidad. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032148