Examining Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among University Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study across Thailand and Singapore
Abstract
1. Introduction
The Current Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Design
2.2. Participants and Setting
2.3. Recruitment Procedure
2.4. Ethical Consideration
2.5. Measures
2.6. Perceived Stress
2.7. Self-Efficacy
2.8. Resilience
2.9. Mindfulness
2.10. Social Support
2.11. Psychological Well-Being
2.12. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Information and Study Variables
3.2. Predictors of Psychological Well-Being
3.2.1. Thai Sample
3.2.2. Singaporean Sample
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Thailand (n = 966) | Singapore (n = 696) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | |
Gender | ||||
- Male | 307 | 31.80 | 193 | 27.70 |
- Female | 650 | 67.30 | 411 | 59.10 |
- Missing | 9 | 0.90 | 92 | 13.20 |
Religion | ||||
- Buddhism | 913 | 94.50 | 127 | 18.20 |
- Christian | 20 | 2.10 | 172 | 24.70 |
- Islam | 13 | 1.30 | 55 | 7.90 |
- Others | - | - | 342 | 49.20 |
- Missing | 20 | 2.1 | ||
School/Faculty | ||||
- Liberal Arts | 100 | 10.40 | 0 | 0 |
- Dentistry | 91 | 9.40 | 0 | 0 |
- Engineering | 110 | 11.40 | 0 | 0 |
- Medicine | 48 | 5.00 | 0 | 0 |
- Nursing | 211 | 21.80 | 86 | 12.4 |
- Science/Social Science | 99 | 10.20 | 610 | 87.6 |
- Pharmacy | 85 | 8.80 | 0 | 0 |
- Public Health | 100 | 10.40 | 0 | 0 |
- Information Communication and Technology | 70 | 7.20 | 0 | 0 |
- Music | 43 | 4.50 | 0 | 0 |
- Missing | 9 | 0.90 | 0 | 0 |
Study Year | ||||
- Year 1 | 179 | 18.50 | 185 | 26.6 |
- Year 2 | 250 | 25.90 | 29 | 4.2 |
- Year 3 | 244 | 25.30 | 60 | 8.6 |
- Year 4 | 242 | 25.10 | 44 | 6.3 |
- Year 5 | 9 | 0.90 | - | - |
- Year 6 | 27 | 2.80 | 54 | 7.8 |
- Missing | 15 | 1.60 | 372 | 46.50 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Age | 20.21 | 1.51 | 22.39 | 5.18 |
Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Standard Deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | Cronbach’s Alpha | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived stress | 0 | 22 | 11.21 | 3.67 | −0.00 | 0.32 | 0.81 |
perceived control | 0 | 16 | 6.19 | 2.24 | 0.29 | 1.31 | 0.75 |
Resilience | 7 | 40 | 27.69 | 5.17 | −0.41 | 0.74 | 0.86 |
Self-efficacy | 12 | 40 | 27.51 | 4.25 | −0.02 | 0.44 | 0.86 |
Mindfulness | 24 | 89 | 62.33 | 10.92 | −0.15 | −0.16 | 0.88 |
Support from family | 6 | 28 | 23.64 | 4.32 | −1.24 | 1.29 | 0.89 |
Support from friends | 5 | 28 | 21.86 | 4.30 | −0.82 | 0.69 | 0.91 |
Support from others | 4 | 28 | 21.74 | 5.13 | −0.92 | 0.68 | 0.91 |
Autonomy and growth of PWB | 17 | 60 | 43.63 | 6.58 | −0.66 | 0.91 | 0.85 |
Negative triad factor of PWB | 6 | 36 | 25.25 | 4.637 | −0.23 | 0.30 | 0.72 |
Minimum | Maximum | Mean | Standard Deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | Cronbach’s Alpha | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Perceived stress | 0 | 24 | 11.93 | 4.12 | 0.12 | 0.40 | 0.85 |
Perceived control | 0 | 16 | 6.88 | 2.43 | −0.03 | 0.84 | 0.77 |
Resilience | 14 | 50 | 35.30 | 5.89 | −0.04 | 0.49 | 0.89 |
Self-efficacy | 10 | 40 | 29.30 | 3.81 | −0.23 | 2.37 | 0.89 |
Mindfulness | 17 | 89 | 61.62 | 10.13 | −0.29 | 0.74 | 0.87 |
Support from family | 4 | 28 | 20.05 | 5.05 | −0.79 | 0.72 | 0.89 |
Support from friends | 4 | 28 | 21.16 | 4.43 | −1.29 | 2.85 | 0.92 |
Support from others | 4 | 28 | 20.25 | 6.02 | −0.73 | −0.00 | 0.96 |
Autonomy and growth of PWB | 9 | 54 | 40.32 | 6.37 | −0.64 | 1.64 | 0.83 |
Negative triad of PWB | 8 | 34 | 22.27 | 4.43 | −0.29 | 0.02 | 0.56 |
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Thanoi, W.; Vongsirimas, N.; Sitthimongkol, Y.; Klainin-Yobas, P. Examining Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among University Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study across Thailand and Singapore. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 1875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031875
Thanoi W, Vongsirimas N, Sitthimongkol Y, Klainin-Yobas P. Examining Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among University Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study across Thailand and Singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(3):1875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031875
Chicago/Turabian StyleThanoi, Wareerat, Nopporn Vongsirimas, Yajai Sitthimongkol, and Piyanee Klainin-Yobas. 2023. "Examining Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among University Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study across Thailand and Singapore" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3: 1875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031875
APA StyleThanoi, W., Vongsirimas, N., Sitthimongkol, Y., & Klainin-Yobas, P. (2023). Examining Predictors of Psychological Well-Being among University Students: A Descriptive Comparative Study across Thailand and Singapore. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 1875. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031875