Physiotherapy-Led Health Promotion Strategies for People with or at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- To assess the characteristics of existing evidence on PLHP for pwCVDs globally.
- To identify the interventional approaches that have been used in PLHP strategies for pwCVDs.
- To evaluate the type of population groups included in the PLHP research.
2. Methodology
2.1. Identifying the Research Question
2.2. Identifying Relevant Studies (Database and Search Strategy)
2.3. Eligibility Criteria
2.4. Study Selection (Screening)
2.5. Data Charting (Data Extraction)
2.6. Quality Appraisal
2.7. Consultation
2.8. Collating, Summarising, and Reporting
3. Results
3.1. Literature Search and Included Studies
3.2. Characteristics of Included Studies
3.3. Characteristics of the Included Interventions
Overall Aim of Intervention | Education on Lifestyle | Dietary Education and Physiotherapy | Exercise and/or Physical Activity | Self-Management and Home Programmes | Behaviour Change Programmes on Physical Activity Uptake | Individualised Coaching on Physical Activity and Exercise | Health Improvement Card (HIC) | Provision of Educational Materials/Resources Such as Brochures on Healthy Lifestyle Practices and Lifestyle Behaviour Change | Workbook | Written Instructions and Recommendations | Handouts Following Each Session | Technology Based | Theory-Based Intervention | Supplemented by Telephone Calls | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fowler et al., 2002 [45] | Improving maximum walking distance in early peripheral arterial disease | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
Bonet et al., 2003 [46] | Evaluate, in women with grade 1 essential hypertension, the response of cardio-respiratory and blood pressure after 6 weeks of supervised physical exercise vs. only recommended exercise | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
Eriksson et al., 2006 [47] | Lifestyle intervention programme in primary healthcare | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
Quinn et al., 2008 [61] | The effect of a physical activity group-based education programme on weight reduction, physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, quality of life | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Pariser et al., 2010 [60] | Active Steps for Diabetes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Wisse et al., 2010 [48] | Assess the impact of personalized exercise prescription on habitual physical activity and glycemic control in sedentary, insulin treated type 2 diabetes patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||
Molenaar et al., 2010 [49] | Nutritional counselling and nutritional plus exercise counselling in overweight adults | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Wu et al., 2011 [50] | Evaluate short- and long-term effects of home-based exercise on adiponectin, exercise behaviour and metabolic risk factors in middle-aged adults at diabetic risk | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
Reid et al., 2012 [51] | Evaluate long-term physical activity levels between a theoretically guided motivational counselling (MC) intervention group and a usual care | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
Oerkild et al., 2012 [52] | Home-based cardiac rehabilitation | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Takatori et al., 2012 [53] | Investigate the effect of intensive rehabilitation on physical and arterial function among community-dwelling stroke survivors | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
Preston et al., 2016 [57] | Improving self-management | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||||
Higgs et al., 2016 [59] | Acceptability of a community-based lifestyle programme for adults with diabetes/prediabetes | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
Gunnes et al., 2018 [58] | To investigate adherence to an 18-month physical activity and exercise programme | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Gunnes et al., 2019 [64] | To assess the associations between participants’ degree of adherence to physical activity and exercise and motor function 18 months after inclusion | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
Bai et al., 2020 [54] | Health improvement card (HIC) on lifestyle practices and biometric variables in community-dwelling Chinese participants | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
Gerage et al., 2020 [55] | To investigate the efficacy of a behaviour change programme on cardiovascular parameters in hypertensive patients | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Batsis et al., 2021 [62] | Technology-based weight management intervention for rural older adults with obesity | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||||
Bearne et al., 2022 [56] | The effect of a home-based, walking exercise behaviour change intervention in adults with peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||||||
Deka et al., 2022 [63] | The effectiveness of a dietary-education and high-intensity interval resistance training programme on healthy food choices and associated anthropometric variables | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
Author Year | Country | N | Study Design | Population | Nature of the Intervention | Intervention Duration | Theory Use | Mode of, and Delivered by | Setting(s) | Educational Component | Delivery Format | Number of Sessions | Technology | Tailoring | Fidelity |
Fowler et al., 2002 [45] | Australia | 882 | RCT | Males aged 65 to 79 years with PAD | Individual and community intervention, advised participants to walk >30 min daily | Short (12 months) | No | Educational materials and f-t-f by PT | Combined | Yes | Combined | High | No | Yes | No |
Bone et al., 2003 [46] | Spain | 18 | RCT | Overweight women of 30–50 years with grade 1 hypertension | Supervised physical exercise | Short (6 months) | No | Educational materials and f-t-f by PT | Combined | No | Group | High | No | Yes | No |
Eriksson et al., 2006 [47] | Sweden | 151 | Randomised controlled parallel group trial | Patients diagnosed with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, or any combination thereof are aged 18–65 | Lifestyle intervention in primary healthcare | Short (3 months) | No | f-t-f by PT and assistants, dietician and a physician | Clinic | Yes | Group | High | No | Yes | No |
Quinn et al., 2007 [61] | Ireland | 18 | Pre-post-test design | Obese females | Physical activity education | Short (4 months) | No | f-t-f by PT | Clinic | Yes | Individual | Low | No | No | No |
Pariser et al., 2010 [60] | USA | 22 | Pre-post-test design | Type 2 Diabetes patients with impaired mobility issues | Active steps for diabetes (exercise and educational intervention) | Short (2 months) | No | f-t-f by PT (assisted by PT student or nurse/diabetes educator) | Combined | No | Combined | High | Yes | Yes | No |
Wisse et al., 2010 [48] | The Netherlands | 74 | RCT | Sedentary, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes | Regular, structured, and personalised exercise prescription | Long (24 months) | No | f-t-f by PT supplemented with telephone calls | Combined | Yes | Individual | Low | Yes | Yes | No |
Molenaar et al., 2010 [49] | The Netherlands | 203 | RCT | Men and non-pregnant women aged 18–65 years with a BMI of 28–35 kg/m2 | Nutritional counselling and nutritional plus exercise counselling in overweight adults. | long (13.7 months) | No | f-t-f by Dietician and PT | Clinic | Yes | Individual | Low | No | Yes | Yes |
Wu et al., 2011 [50] | Taiwan | 135 | RCT | People 45 to 64 years old are at risk of developing diabetes | Home-based exercise | Short (6 months) | Yes | f-t-f supplemented with telephone calls by PT | Community | Yes | Individual | High | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Reid et al., 2011 [51] | Canada | 141 | RCT | Patients with acute coronary syndromes | Motivational counselling intervention | Short (12 months) | Yes | f-t-f supplemented by telephone calls | Combined | Yes | Individual | Low | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Oerkild et al., 2012 [52] | Denmark | 40 | RCT | Elderly coronary heart disease above 65 years | Cardiac home programme for the elderly | Short (12 months) | No | home visits in person, follow-up with telephone calls by PT | Community | Yes | Individual | Low | Yes | Yes | No |
Takatori et al., 2012 [53] | Japan | 44 | RCT | Chronic stroke survivors 57–89 years | Exercise therapy | Short (3 monhs) | No | f-t-f by PT | Clinic | No | Individual | High | No | Yes | No |
Higgs et al., 2016 [59] | New Zealand | 36 | Prospective observational | Diabetic or at a high risk of developing diabetes | Education and exercise | Short (3 months) | No | f-t-f by PT, PT students and a nurse. | Clinic | Yes | Individual | High | No | Yes | Yes |
Preston et al., 2017 [57] | Australia | 20 | pre-post-test intervention | Patients with mild to moderate acute stroke | Self-management | Short (3 months) | No | f-t-f by PT | Community | Yes | Individual | Low | No | Yes | Yes |
Gunnes et al., 2018 [58] | Norway | 186 | Prospective longitudinal | Adult stroke patients | Physical activity and exercise programme | Long (18 months) | Yes (MI) | f-t-f and over the phone by PT | Community | Yes | Individual | High | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Gunnes et al., 2019 [64] | Norway | 186 | Secondary analyses of multisite RCT | Stroke patients | Individualised coaching on physical activity and exercise | Long (18 months) | Yes (MI) | f-t-f supplemented by telephone calls by PT | Clinic | Yes | Individual | High | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Bai et al., 2020 [54] | China | 200 | RCT | 50–90 years | Health education based on the HIC, individualised exercise programme. Standard brochure on healthy lifestyle practices | Short (3 months) | Yes (HIC) | f-t-f by PT students supervised by PT. | Community | Yes | Individual | Low | No | Yes | No |
Gerage et al., 2020 [55] | Brazil | 90 | RCT | Patients with primary hypertension | Behavioural change programme supplemented with educational materials | Short (3 months) | Yes (VAMOS) | f-t-f by PT | Clinic | Yes | Group | Low | No | No | No |
Batsis et al., 2021 [62] | USA | 54 | Single-arm trial | Older (65+) adults with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) residing in rural New Hampshire and Vermont | Technology-based weight management intervention | Short (6 months) | Yes (social cognitive theory, MI) | f-t-f and telemedicine (video conferencing, remote use of Fitbit) and periodic face-to-face interaction onsite. By dietitian and PT | Community | Yes | Combined | High | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Bearne et al., 2022 [56] | England | 190 | RCT | Adults with peripheral arterial disease and intermittent claudication | Walking Exercise Behaviour Change Intervention | Short (6 months) | Yes (theory of planned behaviour and the common sense model of illness representation) | f-t-f and supplemented by telephone calls by PT | Clinic | Yes | Individual | Low | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Deka et al., 2022 [63] | Spain | 22 | Single-arm trial | Patients with coronary artery diseases | Dietary education and a high-intensity interval resistance training programme (DE–HIIRT) | Short (3 months) | Yes (Bandura’ self-efficacy theory) | f-t-f by dietician and PT | Clinic | Yes | Combined | 22 | No | Yes | Yes |
4. Discussion
4.1. Implications for Clinical Practice
4.2. Research Implications
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Medline Search Strings
References
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Participants/Population | Concept/Intervention |
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Cardiovascular disease and risk factors block keywords, cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases, coronary artery disease, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure, angina, cerebrovascular disease, stroke patients, and aortic atherosclerosis patients—overweight, obesity, diabetes, blood pressure, hypertension, dyslipidaemia. | Physiotherapy block keywords: Physiotherapist(s), physiotherapy, kinesiotherapy, physical therapist(s), physiotherapy assistant. Health promotion block keywords: Patient education, health promotion, health education, health behaviour, educational technology, diet therapy, educational health promotion, group-based, individual, home and hospital-based approaches, lifestyle modification, lifestyle change recommendations, physical activity and exercise promotion, brief counselling, face to face, group sessions, skill training, visual presentation, handouts, brochures and diaries, motivational prompts, individualised plan, goal setting, nutrition and weight management, smoking cessation, tobacco exposure, sleep, stress management. |
Participants/Population | Concept/Intervention | Context | Study Types and Design |
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Studies on pwCVD with relevant outcomes were initiated and implemented by clinicians other than physiotherapists. |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Ngeh, E.N.; Lowe, A.; Garcia, C.; McLean, S. Physiotherapy-Led Health Promotion Strategies for People with or at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227073
Ngeh EN, Lowe A, Garcia C, McLean S. Physiotherapy-Led Health Promotion Strategies for People with or at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(22):7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227073
Chicago/Turabian StyleNgeh, Etienne Ngeh, Anna Lowe, Carol Garcia, and Sionnadh McLean. 2023. "Physiotherapy-Led Health Promotion Strategies for People with or at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 22: 7073. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20227073