Sex-Specific Relationships of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour
2.4. Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 60) | Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General characteristics | ||||||||||
Age (years) | 22.63 | ± | 4.62 | 22.41 | ± | 3.84 | 23.05 | ± | 5.88 | 0.614 |
Height (cm) | 171.72 | ± | 8.70 | 176.17 | ± | 6.14 | 163.46 | ± | 6.44 | <0.001 |
Body mass (kg) | 74.55 | ± | 14.75 | 76.99 | ± | 13.01 | 70.02 | ± | 16.93 | 0.081 |
Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 25.37 | ± | 5.55 | 24.78 | ± | 3.79 | 26.46 | ± | 7.86 | 0.268 |
Sedentary Behaviour | ||||||||||
Sedentary bouts (bouts/day) | 13.20 | ± | 3.72 | 13.68 | ± | 3.48 | 12.44 | ± | 3.63 | 0.130 |
Sedentary time (min/day) | 529.33 | ± | 97.13 | 536.07 | ± | 87.38 | 516.82 | ± | 114.32 | 0.469 |
Sedentary breaks (breaks/day) | 13.05 | ± | 3.72 | 13.60 | ± | 3.50 | 12.06 | ± | 4.01 | 0.130 |
Sedentary breaks (min/day) | 94.89 | ± | 45.82 | 86.56 | ± | 30.78 | 110.32 | ± | 63.30 | 0.055 |
Maximum time in sedentary breaks (min/day) | 137.58 | ± | 62.35 | 127.38 | ± | 35.24 | 156.42 | ± | 92.38 | 0.085 |
Physical Activity | ||||||||||
PA expenditure (kcals/day) | 315.29 | ± | 124.60 | 325.05 | ± | 128.56 | 297.18 | ± | 117.78 | 0.413 |
LPA (min/day) | 285.14 | ± | 61.14 | 270.65 | ± | 49.84 | 312.04 | ± | 71.67 | 0.011 |
MPA (min/day) | 45.59 | ± | 16.65 | 43.13 | ± | 13.25 | 48.56 | ± | 21.68 | 0.315 |
VPA (min/day) | 5.35 | ± | 5.72 | 5.14 | ± | 5.10 | 5.76 | ± | 6.82 | 0.694 |
VVPA (min/day) | 2.98 | ± | 5.35 | 3.24 | ± | 6.13 | 2.48 | ± | 3.51 | 0.604 |
MVPA (min/day) | 52.96 | 19.22 | 52.88 | 17.16 | 53.08 | 22.46 | 0.967 | |||
Oxidative Stress | ||||||||||
SOD (U/mg prot) | 1.28 | ± | 0.33 | 1.24 | ± | 0.27 | 1.34 | ± | 0.43 | 0.262 |
CAT (U/mg prot) | 0.51 | ± | 0.25 | 0.44 | ± | 0.24 | 0.61 | ± | 0.25 | 0.008 |
GPx (U/mg prot) | 0.04 | ± | 0.01 | 0.04 | ± | 0.01 | 0.04 | ± | 0.01 | 0.388 |
GSH (ng/mg prot) | 18.78 | ± | 11.01 | 16.67 | ± | 5.20 | 22.68 | ± | 16.79 | 0.043 |
MDA (µmol/L) | 0.80 | ± | 0.56 | 0.86 | ± | 0.59 | 0.70 | ± | 0.50 | 0.295 |
AOPPs (µmol/L) | 311.72 | ± | 138.88 | 345.09 | ± | 138.89 | 249.73 | ± | 118.49 | 0.010 |
Inflammation | ||||||||||
IL−6 (ng/mL) | 0.48 | ± | 0.35 | 0.56 | ± | 0.37 | 0.33 | ± | 0.26 | 0.026 |
TNF-α (ng/mL) | 8.06 | ± | 8.27 | 9.69 | ± | 9.39 | 4.89 | ± | 4.16 | 0.045 |
SOD (U/mg prot) | CAT (U/mg prot) | GPx (U/mg prot) | GSH (ng/mg prot) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | |||||||||||||||||
β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | |
Sedentary Behaviour | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sedentary bouts (bouts/day) | 0.149 | 0.022 | 0.354 | −0.185 | 0.034 | 0.365 | −0.122 | 0.015 | 0.448 | −0.018 | 0.000 | 0.932 | −0.050 | 0.002 | 0.758 | −0.171 | 0.029 | 0.404 | −0.025 | 0.001 | 0.876 | −0.168 | 0.028 | 0.411 |
Sedentary time (min/day) | −0.016 | 0.000 | 0.918 | −0.181 | 0.033 | 0.377 | −0.315 | 0.099 | 0.045 | −0.035 | 0.001 | 0.866 | 0.025 | 0.001 | 0.874 | −0.017 | 0.000 | 0.933 | −0.070 | 0.005 | 0.664 | −0.014 | 0.000 | 0.947 |
Sedentary breaks (breaks/day) | 0.149 | 0.022 | 0.354 | −0.185 | 0.034 | 0.365 | −0.122 | 0.015 | 0.448 | −0.018 | 0.000 | 0.932 | −0.050 | 0.002 | 0.758 | −0.171 | 0.029 | 0.404 | −0.025 | 0.001 | 0.876 | −0.168 | 0.028 | 0.411 |
Sedentary breaks (min/day) | −0.135 | 0.018 | 0.401 | 0.074 | 0.006 | 0.718 | −0.005 | 0.000 | 0.977 | −0.009 | 0.000 | 0.967 | 0.009 | 0.000 | 0.955 | −0.006 | 0.000 | 0.978 | −0.046 | 0.002 | 0.774 | 0.006 | 0.000 | 0.977 |
Maximum time in sedentary breaks (min/day) | −0.236 | 0.055 | 0.138 | −0.058 | 0.003 | 0.780 | 0.190 | 0.036 | 0.234 | 0.079 | 0.006 | 0.701 | −0.046 | 0.002 | 0.775 | −0.068 | 0.005 | 0.742 | −0.097 | 0.009 | 0.546 | −0.123 | 0.015 | 0.549 |
Physical Activity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
PA expenditure (kcals/day) | −0.371 | 0.138 | 0.017 | −0.081 | 0.007 | 0.693 | 0.066 | 0.004 | 0.683 | −0.188 | 0.014 | 0.567 | −0.086 | 0.007 | 0.593 | 0.066 | 0.004 | 0.749 | −0.196 | 0.038 | 0.220 | −0.038 | 0.001 | 0.855 |
LPA (min/day) | 0.123 | 0.015 | 0.445 | 0.042 | 0.002 | 0.837 | −0.121 | 0.015 | 0.452 | −0.069 | 0.005 | 0.739 | 0.227 | 0.052 | 0.153 | 0.055 | 0.003 | 0.788 | 0.213 | 0.045 | 0.181 | 0.035 | 0.001 | 0.864 |
MPA (min/day) | −0.249 | 0.062 | 0.116 | 0.053 | 0.003 | 0.796 | −0.210 | 0.044 | 0.187 | −0.143 | 0.021 | 0.485 | 0.064 | 0.004 | 0.690 | 0.201 | 0.040 | 0.325 | −0.180 | 0.032 | 0.260 | 0.184 | 0.034 | 0.369 |
VPA (min/day) | −0.142 | 0.020 | 0.377 | 0.091 | 0.008 | 0.659 | −0.146 | 0.021 | 0.363 | −0.130 | 0.017 | 0.526 | −0.098 | 0.010 | 0.540 | 0.257 | 0.066 | 0.204 | −0.136 | 0.018 | 0.397 | 0.186 | 0.035 | 0.361 |
VVPA (min/day) | −0.155 | 0.024 | 0.333 | 0.073 | 0.005 | 0.723 | −0.018 | 0.000 | 0.913 | −0.252 | 0.063 | 0.215 | −0.017 | 0.000 | 0.916 | 0.120 | 0.014 | 0.560 | 0.120 | 0.014 | 0.456 | −0.015 | 0.000 | 0.942 |
MVPA (min/day) | −0.285 | 0.081 | 0.071 | 0.088 | 0.008 | 0.670 | −0.208 | 0.043 | 0.193 | −0.212 | 0.045 | 0.299 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.932 | 0.283 | 0.080 | 0.161 | −0.133 | 0.018 | 0.407 | 0.226 | 0.051 | 0.267 |
MDA (µmol/L) | AOPPs (µmol/L) | IL-6 (ng/mL) | TNFα (ng/mL) | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | Men (n = 39) | Women (n = 21) | |||||||||||||||||
β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | β | R2 | p | |
Sedentary Behaviour | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sedentary bouts (bouts/day) | 0.187 | 0.035 | 0.255 | −0.073 | 0.005 | 0.753 | −0.156 | 0.024 | 0.330 | −0.188 | 0.035 | 0.358 | 0.132 | 0.017 | 0.451 | −0.092 | 0.008 | 0.717 | 0.061 | 0.004 | 0.683 | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.902 |
Sedentary time (min/day) | 0.205 | 0.042 | 0.211 | −0.135 | 0.018 | 0.558 | −0.077 | 0.006 | 0.633 | −0.100 | 0.010 | 0.628 | 0.170 | 0.029 | 0.328 | −0.019 | 0.000 | 0.942 | −0.070 | 0.005 | 0.664 | −0.014 | 0.000 | 0.947 |
Sedentary breaks (breaks/day) | 0.187 | 0.035 | 0.255 | −0.073 | 0.005 | 0.753 | −0.156 | 0.024 | 0.330 | −0.188 | 0.035 | 0.358 | 0.132 | 0.017 | 0.451 | −0.092 | 0.008 | 0.717 | 0.061 | 0.004 | 0.683 | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.902 |
Sedentary breaks (min/day) | −0.232 | 0.054 | 0.156 | 0.145 | 0.021 | 0.530 | 0.182 | 0.033 | 0.255 | 0.089 | 0.008 | 0.666 | −0.063 | 0.004 | 0.718 | −0.067 | 0.004 | 0.792 | −0.199 | 0.039 | 0.181 | −0.087 | 0.007 | 0.661 |
Maximum time in sedentary breaks (min/day) | −0.308 | 0.095 | 0.049 | 0.123 | 0.015 | 0.595 | −0.004 | 0.000 | 0.982 | −0.193 | 0.037 | 0.344 | −0.070 | 0.005 | 0.691 | −0.296 | 0.088 | 0.233 | −0.108 | 0.012 | 0.470 | −0.326 | 0.106 | 0.091 |
Physical Activity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
PA expenditure (kcals/day) | −0.348 | 0.121 | 0.030 | −0.091 | 0.008 | 0.695 | −0.119 | 0.014 | 0.460 | −0.198 | 0.039 | 0.332 | 0.257 | 0.066 | 0.137 | −0.097 | 0.009 | 0.702 | −0.019 | 0.000 | 0.897 | −0.149 | 0.022 | 0.449 |
LPA (min/day) | 0.263 | 0.069 | 0.106 | 0.091 | 0.008 | 0.695 | −0.024 | 0.001 | 0.883 | 0.082 | 0.007 | 0.691 | −0.152 | 0.023 | 0.383 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.957 | 0.060 | 0.004 | 0.687 | 0.019 | 0.000 | 0.925 |
MPA (min/day) | −0.143 | 0.020 | 0.387 | 0.163 | 0.027 | 0.480 | 0.154 | 0.024 | 0.335 | 0.124 | 0.015 | 0.545 | 0.116 | 0.013 | 0.508 | 0.049 | 0.002 | 0.846 | 0.094 | 0.009 | 0.531 | −0.135 | 0.018 | 0.493 |
VPA (min/day) | 0.205 | 0.042 | 0.211 | −0.135 | 0.018 | 0.558 | 0.171 | 0.029 | 0.285 | 0.099 | 0.010 | 0.630 | −0.062 | 0.004 | 0.724 | −0.150 | 0.022 | 0.554 | −0.002 | 0.000 | 0.991 | 0.437 | 0.191 | 0.020 |
VVPA (min/day) | −0.057 | 0.003 | 0.731 | −0.284 | 0.081 | 0.212 | −0.103 | 0.011 | 0.524 | −0.198 | 0.039 | 0.332 | 0.528 | 0.278 | 0.001 | 0.110 | 0.012 | 0.664 | 0.014 | 0.000 | 0.923 | 0.142 | 0.020 | 0.471 |
MVPA (min/day) | −0.162 | 0.026 | 0.324 | 0.108 | 0.012 | 0.640 | 0.130 | 0.017 | 0.418 | 0.117 | 0.014 | 0.570 | 0.227 | 0.051 | 0.190 | 0.024 | 0.001 | 0.923 | 0.075 | 0.006 | 0.619 | 0.017 | 0.006 | 0.931 |
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Corral-Pérez, J.; Alcala, M.; Velázquez-Díaz, D.; Perez-Bey, A.; Vázquez-Sánchez, M.Á.; Calderon-Dominguez, M.; Casals, C.; Ponce-González, J.G. Sex-Specific Relationships of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020899
Corral-Pérez J, Alcala M, Velázquez-Díaz D, Perez-Bey A, Vázquez-Sánchez MÁ, Calderon-Dominguez M, Casals C, Ponce-González JG. Sex-Specific Relationships of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2):899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020899
Chicago/Turabian StyleCorral-Pérez, Juan, Martin Alcala, Daniel Velázquez-Díaz, Alejandro Perez-Bey, María Á. Vázquez-Sánchez, Maria Calderon-Dominguez, Cristina Casals, and Jesús G. Ponce-González. 2023. "Sex-Specific Relationships of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour with Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers in Young Adults" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2: 899. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20020899