A Review of the COVID-19 Mental Health Impact in Post-Conflict Settings: Bridging the Mental Health Gap with Case Exemplars from an Implementation Science Lens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Case Exemplars
3.1. Intervention Case Exemplar—Telehealth
3.2. Intervention Case Exemplar—Task Shifting
3.3. Intervention Case Exemplar—Media Advocacy for Behavior Change
4. Conclusions
5. Future Directions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Definitions
References
- Charlson, F.; van Ommeren, M.; Flaxman, A.; Cornett, J.; Whiteford, H.; Saxena, S. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2019, 394, 240–248. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pfefferbaum, B.; North, C.S. Mental Health and the COVID-19 Pandemic. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 510–512. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kola, L.; Kohrt, B.A.; Hanlon, C.; Naslund, J.A.; Sikander, S.; Balaji, M.; Benjet, C.; Cheung, E.Y.L.; Eaton, J.; Gonsalves, P.; et al. COVID-19 mental health impact and responses in low-income and middle-income countries: Reimagining global mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 2021, 8, 535–550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- COVID-19 Disrupting Mental Health Services in Most Countries, WHO Survey. Available online: https://www.who.int/news/item/05-10-2020-covid-19-disrupting-mental-health-services-in-most-countries-who-survey (accessed on 18 July 2022).
- Ojo, T.; Kabasele, L.; Boyd, B.; Enechukwu, S.; Ryan, N.; Gyamfi, J.; Peprah, E. The Role of Implementation Science in Advancing Resource Generation for Health Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Health Serv. Insights 2021, 14, 1178632921999652. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Arenliu, A.; Uka, F.; Weine, S. Building Online and Telephone Psychological First Aid Services in a Low Resource Setting During COVID-19: The Case of Kosovo. Psychiatr. Danub. 2020, 32, 570–576. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Abas, M.; Bowers, T.; Manda, E.; Cooper, S.; Machando, D.; Verhey, R.; Lamech, N.; Araya, R.; Chibanda, D. ‘Opening up the mind’: Problem-solving therapy delivered by female lay health workers to improve access to evidence-based care for depression and other common mental disorders through the Friendship Bench Project in Zimbabwe. Int. J. Ment. Health Syst. 2016, 10, 39. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Alonzo, D.; Popescu, M. Utilizing social media platforms to promote mental health awareness and help seeking in underserved communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Educ. Health Promot. 2021, 10, 156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Fiorillo, A.; Gorwood, P. The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and implications for clinical practice. Eur. Psychiatry 2020, 63, e32. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Galea, S.; Merchant, R.M.; Lurie, N. The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention. JAMA Intern. Med. 2020, 180, 817–818. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Barwick, M.; Barac, R.; Kimber, M.; Akrong, L.; Johnson, S.N.; E Cunningham, C.; Bennett, K.; Ashbourne, G.; Godden, T. Advancing implementation frameworks with a mixed methods case study in child behavioral health. Transl. Behav. Med. 2020, 10, 685–704. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bank, T.W.; World Bank Country and Lending Groups. World Bank Group Updated Jan 2023. Available online: https://data.worldbank.org/country/XO (accessed on 12 July 2022).
- JMIR Mental Health—An Integrated Blueprint for Digital Mental Health Services Amidst COVID-19. Available online: https://mental.jmir.org/2020/7/e21718/ (accessed on 19 July 2022).
- Laar, A.S.; Bekyieriya, E.; Isang, S.; Baguune, B. Assessment of mobile health technology for maternal and child health services in rural Upper West Region of Ghana. Public Health 2019, 168, 1–8. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kwobah, E.; Jaguga, F.; Robert, K.; Ndolo, E.; Kariuki, J. Efforts and Challenges to Ensure Continuity of Mental Healthcare Service Delivery in a Low Resource Settings During COVID-19 Pandemic—A Case of a Kenyan Referral Hospital. Front. Psychiatry 2021, 11, 588216. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ahmed, S.A.K.S.; Ajisola, M.; Azeem, K.; Bakibinga, P.; Chen, Y.-F.; Choudhury, N.N.; Fayehun, O.; Griffiths, F.; Harris, B.; Kibe, P.; et al. Impact of the societal response to COVID-19 on access to healthcare for non-COVID-19 health issues in slum communities of Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria and Pakistan: Results of pre-COVID and COVID-19 lockdown stakeholder engagements. BMJ Glob. Health 2020, 5, e003042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Natuhoyila Nkodila, A.; N’Lombi Mbendi, C.; Kabangi Tukadila, H.A.; Lelo Managa, G.; Ngwala Lukanu, P.; Mbenza Longo, B. Psychological Consequence of the Corona Virus Disease Pandemic in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey. Risk Manag. Healthc. Policy 2021, 14, 2163–2170. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Leochico, C.F.D.; Espiritu, A.I.; Ignacio, S.D.; Mojica, J.A.P. Challenges to the Emergence of Telerehabilitation in a Developing Country: A Systematic Review. Front. Neurol. 2020, 11, 1007. Available online: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2020.01007 (accessed on 19 July 2022). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Joag, K.; Shields-Zeeman, L.; Kapadia-Kundu, N.; Kawade, R.; Balaji, M.; Pathare, S. Feasibility and acceptability of a novel community-based mental health intervention delivered by community volunteers in Maharashtra, India: The Atmiyata programme. BMC Psychiatry 2020, 20, 48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Case Exemplars | Intervention Characteristics | Outer Setting | Inner Setting | Individual Characteristics | Implementation Process |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kosovo: Telehealth [6] |
|
|
|
|
|
Zimbabwe: Task Shifting [7] |
|
|
|
|
|
Guatemala: Media Advocacy [8] |
|
|
|
|
|
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Noble, E.; Adenikinju, D.; Ruan, C.; Zuniga, S.; Thakkar, D.; Malburg, C.M.; Gyamfi, J.; Ojo, T.; Islam, F.; Diawara, A.; et al. A Review of the COVID-19 Mental Health Impact in Post-Conflict Settings: Bridging the Mental Health Gap with Case Exemplars from an Implementation Science Lens. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 6006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20116006
Noble E, Adenikinju D, Ruan C, Zuniga S, Thakkar D, Malburg CM, Gyamfi J, Ojo T, Islam F, Diawara A, et al. A Review of the COVID-19 Mental Health Impact in Post-Conflict Settings: Bridging the Mental Health Gap with Case Exemplars from an Implementation Science Lens. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(11):6006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20116006
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoble, Elizabeth, Deborah Adenikinju, Christina Ruan, Sophia Zuniga, Diksha Thakkar, Carly M. Malburg, Joyce Gyamfi, Temitope Ojo, Farha Islam, Amy Diawara, and et al. 2023. "A Review of the COVID-19 Mental Health Impact in Post-Conflict Settings: Bridging the Mental Health Gap with Case Exemplars from an Implementation Science Lens" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 11: 6006. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20116006