Feasibility of a Virtual Educational Programme for Behaviour Change in Cardiac Patients from a Low-Resource Setting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Intervention
2.5. Feasibility Measures
2.6. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Participants
3.2. Acceptability
3.3. Demand
3.4. Implementation
3.5. Practicality
3.6. Limited Efficacy Testing
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Feasibility Measure | Definition | Outcomes | Data Source | Data Analysis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acceptability | To what extent the intervention is suitable and satisfying for target individuals | Patients’ satisfaction with the intervention | Satisfaction questionnaire designed for patient participants (6 questions) | Descriptive statistics (Likert-type scale) and qualitative analysis (open-ended questions) |
Healthcare providers’ satisfaction with delivering education virtually to patients | Satisfaction questionnaire designed for healthcare providers delivering the intervention (3 questions) | |||
Demand | To what extent the programme is likely to be used | Patients: internet access, device to access Internet, use of Internet to search for health information, reasons to participate in the virtual educational programme | Questionnaire about Internet use (4 questions) | Descriptive statistics (frequency) |
Perceived demand reported by patients (usefulness of information and effectiveness of bi-weekly) | ||||
Implementation | To what extent can the intervention be fully implemented as planned | Access and use of virtual education tools (weekly educational materials, completion of weekly action plans and reflection diaries) | Data recorded from the links provided and self-reported by patients | Descriptive statistics (frequency) and qualitative analysis (open-ended questions) |
Healthcare providers’ perceptions about success and failure of the intervention | Semi-structured 1:1 interview with healthcare providers delivering the intervention | |||
Practicality | To what extent can the intervention be performed by participants using the intended means and resources | Ability of patient participants to carry out intervention activities and maintain healthy habits after end of intervention | Semi-structured 1:1 interview with patient participants | Qualitative analysis (open-ended questions) |
Healthcare providers’ perceptions about factors affecting implementation ease or difficulty | Semi-structured 1:1 interview with healthcare providers delivering the intervention | |||
Limited efficacy testing | What are the preliminary impacts of the intervention on study variables | Preliminary effects of the intervention on disease-related knowledge, exercise self-efficacy, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and physical activity level | Psychometric validated questionnaires completed by patient participants pre- and post-intervention | Descriptive statistics (Δ post-pre) |
Characteristic | n (%) |
---|---|
Sex | |
Male | 22 (64.7) |
Female | 12 (35.3) |
Marital Status | |
Married | 21 (61.8) |
Divorced | 5 (14.6) |
Widow | 4 (11.8) |
Single | 4 (11.8) |
Highest Educational Level | |
High school or lower | 20 (58.8) |
More than high school | 13 (38.3) |
No information | 1 (2.9) |
Monthly Family Income a | |
5 minimum wages or under | 20 (58.8) |
More than 5 minimum wages | 8 (23.5) |
No information | 6 (17.6) |
Cardiac Diagnosis/Procedures b | |
Heart failure | 22 (64.7) |
Acute myocardial infarction | 21 (61.8) |
Percutaneous coronary intervention | 18 (52.9) |
Coronary artery disease | 18 (52.9) |
Coronary artery bypass graft | 10 (29.4) |
Cardiovascular Risk Factors b | |
Hypertension | 25 (73.5) |
Dyslipidaemia | 15 (44.1) |
Smoking (current or past) | 15 (44.1) |
Diabetes Type II | 12 (35.3) |
Duration of CR Participation | |
Between 6 and 12 months | 5 (14.7) |
12 months | 3 (8.8) |
Between 13 and 18 months | 20 (58.8) |
More than 18 months | 6 (17.6) |
Feasibility Measure | Outcome | Description | Results a |
---|---|---|---|
Acceptability | Satisfaction (patients) | Overall satisfaction with the programme | 9.0 (7.4–10.0)/10 |
Satisfaction with the educational content | 9.0 (8.6–9.5)/10 | ||
Satisfaction with the delivery of education (i.e., via WhatsApp) | 9.0 (8.1–10.0)/10 | ||
Satisfaction with the action plans and diaries | 9.1 (8.9–10.0)/10 | ||
Satisfaction (healthcare providers) | Overall satisfaction with the programme | 9.8 (9.6–10.0)/10 | |
Satisfaction with the educational content | 8.5 (7.3–9.0)/10 | ||
Satisfaction with the delivery of education (i.e., via WhatsApp) | 8.1 (7.7–9.0)/10 | ||
Demand | Internet use (patients) | Have internet access | 18 (90.0) |
Device mostly used to access internet: cell phone | 16 (80.0) | ||
Use of Internet to search for health information | 14 (70.0) | ||
Reasons to participate in the virtual educational programme (patients) | Opportunity to learn about exercise | 8 (40.0) | |
Maintain or improve health through education | 8 (40.0) | ||
Learn about their overall health condition | 5 (25.0) | ||
Stay in touch with programme during the pandemic | 3 (15.0) | ||
Perceived demand (patients) | Usefulness of information, yes | 20 (100.0) | |
Effectiveness of bi-weekly calls, yes | 18 (90.0) | ||
Implementation b | Access and use of virtual education tools | Use of weekly educational materials (video and booklet) | 34 (100.0) |
Creation of weekly learning plans | 18 (53.0) | ||
Creation of reflection diaries | 16 (47.0) | ||
Practicality | Ability of patient participants to carry out intervention activities and maintain healthy habits after end of intervention | Heart health behaviours changed after intervention, yes | 19 (95.0) |
Maximum Score | Pre-Intervention Scores | Post-Intervention Scores | Δ Post-Pre * | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Disease-related knowledge | 20 | 8.9 ± 3.2 | 6.9 ± 4.2 | −2.0 |
Exercise self-efficacy | 100 | 53.9 ± 15.9 | 56.7 ± 13.7 | +2.8 |
Sleep quality | 21 | 6.4 ± 4.3 | 5.3 ± 4.4 | −1.1 |
Depressive symptoms | 6 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 1.1 ± 1.4 | −0.5 |
High-intensity physical activity level | 34 (100%) | 6 (40%) | 14 (70%) | +30% |
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Santos, R.Z.d.; Almeida, S.; Scheafer, A.K.; Karsten, M.; Oh, P.; Benetti, M.; Ghisi, G.L.d.M. Feasibility of a Virtual Educational Programme for Behaviour Change in Cardiac Patients from a Low-Resource Setting. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 5934. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115934
Santos RZd, Almeida S, Scheafer AK, Karsten M, Oh P, Benetti M, Ghisi GLdM. Feasibility of a Virtual Educational Programme for Behaviour Change in Cardiac Patients from a Low-Resource Setting. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(11):5934. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115934
Chicago/Turabian StyleSantos, Rafaella Zulianello dos, Sidnei Almeida, Andrea Korbes Scheafer, Marlus Karsten, Paul Oh, Magnus Benetti, and Gabriela Lima de Melo Ghisi. 2023. "Feasibility of a Virtual Educational Programme for Behaviour Change in Cardiac Patients from a Low-Resource Setting" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 11: 5934. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20115934